Rugged Recipes: How to Make 4 Historic Survival Foods

MREs and emergency ration bars are fine examples of modern survival foods. These bug-out-friendly items can be stored for long periods and provide sustaining nutrition, two key requirements for survival food. And while there are many emergency meals and snacks on the market currently, today’s products aren’t the first foods of their kind. Look back into history, and you’ll see many hearty foods that our ancestors used for traveling food or emergency sustenance.

Sure, today’s survival chow is ruggedly packaged and capable of lasting for years, but you can’t make your own MREs in a cave. When the last meal has been gobbled up, you’ll need to be able to make your own “survival food” to replenish your stores. Thankfully, our forebears did plenty of subsistence food experimentation, and they left us with the recipes that worked. They discovered how to make foods with nutrition and longevity, using simple ingredients, and they were even able to prepare them in the absence of electricity. During tough times, you’ll need tough foods; these are some of the most rugged recipes that history has to offer.

Hardtack

hardtack.JPG

Above: While probably the most bland of the recipes here, hardtack is a resilient food that packs a good deal of nutrition.

The origin of this brick-like cracker dates back to ancient Egypt, but the form we know today has its closest resemblance to a food item made during the American Civil War. Baked several months beforehand, these soldier’s rations were rock hard right out of the oven, and even worse when they finally got to the troops. To make their meal chewable (especially with bad Civil War-era teeth), soldiers soaked their hardtack in water or coffee. As an added bonus, the dunking would cause any insect larvae in the hardtack to float to the top of the liquid for easy recognition and removal. Dinner and a show!

Ingredients

The hardtack recipe is very simple. You could add other ingredients, but if you do that, you'll drift away from hardtack and be making bread.

  • 5 cups (600 g) of wheat flour (all-purpose flour is a good choice)
  • 2 cups of water
  • 3 teaspoons of salt

Recipe

Blend your wet and dry ingredients together in a large bowl. Once the flour, salt, and water have created dry bread dough, use a fat stick (or rolling pin) to roll it out flat, or you could pat it out by hand. Sprinkle on extra flour if the dough has any sticky spots. Create a ½-inch-thick sheet of dough, cut it into 3×3-inch squares, and poke holes in both sides of each dough square. Place them on an ungreased cookie sheet, and bake for 30 minutes per side at 375 degrees F (190 C) for a total of one hour baking time.

Storage

As with most foods, store your hardtack (and the rest of the foods in this article) in a cool, dry, dark spot out of the reach of pests, if you have such a place.

Benefits

Once it’s dried thoroughly, hardtack will keep for years, provided it stays dry and away from pests. Just soak it in the liquid of your choice to eat it. Since it's completely dehydrated “bread,” hardtack is lightweight and travel tough. It’s a lot of nutrition in a small package!

Pemmican

pemmican.JPG

Above: See Issue 11 on how to make your own jerky, which you can use in your pemmican recipe.

This odd “survival” food can be best described as the strangest meatball you’ve ever eaten. Made from dried meat and rendered fat, among other ingredients, pemmican is an ancient forerunner to modern survival rations. While different cultures around the globe have made versions of this calorie-packed concoction, it’s the Native Americans who really put this food on the map.

Traditionally rolled into serving-size balls, pemmican can also be pressed into other shapes. Even though it can be a standalone food, some cultures have also used it as greasy “bouillon cube” to create a base for soups and stews.

Ingredients

The time-honored pemmican recipe is a mixture of two or three main ingredients. The first is dried jerky that has been pounded into dust or slivers. This provides protein and bulk to the finished product. This jerky can be salted meat or meat that has been dried with little or no salt. Just keep in mind that salted meat will allow the pemmican to last longer.

The second ingredient is rendered animal fat, which provides the high calories for this food. The fat also acts as the glue that holds everything together. An optional third ingredient is dried fruit or berries, as a supplemental source of carbohydrates, vitamins, and fiber. You could grab these ingredients at your local grocery store to make a test batch at home, or you could whip up a batch in the field from game meat you've dried and fat you've rendered. It’s all up to you. Here’s a sample ingredient list:

  • 8 ounces of lard
  • 8 ounce packed cup of powdered jerky (pounded with rocks or chopped in a blender)
  • 8 ounces of dried fruit (this could be any dried fruit, but berries are ideal)

Recipe

The recipe is super easy. The only tricky part comes when you’re actually blending the pemmican ingredients. You’ll have to pay careful attention to temperatures. If your animal fat is cold, it won’t blend easily with your other ingredients. And if you heat up the fat too much, the hot melted lard will cook your raw ingredients, which need to stay raw in order to prevent spoilage.

In a pot, warm the lard to a soft pasty texture (below 100 degrees F) while stirring it. Add your “dry ingredients” to the softened fat and stir until thoroughly blended (about two minutes of stirring). Some intrepid explorers have added small amounts of flour or other starch sources for extra carbohydrates, or added spices for more flavor. With or without additions, scoop the pemmican out by hand and compress it into round balls or flat cakes. Allow it to cool before storage.

Storage

You can wrap the pemmican pieces in wax paper (not too tight), in lieu of the rawhide containers of old. If the weather or your storage area is cold, this food can last for months. But when the weather turns warmer, eat it before the fat starts to take on a rancid smell.

Benefits

Ounce for ounce, pemmican is the highest calorie food in this article. One little 2-ounce ball of pemmican has 336 calories (mostly from fat), 57 mg of cholesterol, 17 grams of protein, 770 mg of sodium, and 20 percent of your daily requirement of iron.

Parched Corn

parched.corn.2.JPG

Above: The idea is to roast the corn kernels for longevity, not to make popcorn.

Parched corn is a unique Native American cuisine, essentially a rough form of popcorn. Like pemmican, parched corn was once a common food among Native Americans. Colonists, trappers, hunters, and pioneers soon adopted this food for a snack and as a lightweight trail food. Parched corn can also be ground into coarse meal and simmered in water to make a corn soup.

Ingredients

This food can be made in small batches or large ones, and it’s easy. You’ll need some fat to coat the bottom of a skillet or pan. Bacon fat is great, but any edible oil will work. You’ll also need some dried sweet corn. Other types of corn will work, but sweet corn is the best choice. If you can’t find it, you can buy frozen sweet corn and dehydrate it thoroughly. Your final ingredient is a little salt or sugar for seasoning. Salt makes it taste like popcorn, while sugar makes it taste more like kettle corn.

parched.corn.1.JPG

Above: Fresh, canned, or frozen corn will work, but all varieties need to be dehydrated before use.

Recipe

Grease your pan with oil and bring it up to a medium heat (on the stove or over a fire). Add a handful of your dried corn, and start stirring. You’ll only want enough corn to cover the bottom of the pan, not a pan full of corn. After a few minutes, the corn will begin to swell and start to pop. Keep stirring until all of the kernels are browned. Pour it out of the pan, and add salt or other seasonings while it’s still hot. Drain the excess oil, and enjoy it!

Storage

Parched corn should be stored in a breathable container. Historically, cloth bags and leather pouches were used, as these prevented the corn from sweating. In the event of wet weather, temporarily place the bag of parched corn in a jar, metal tin, or plastic bag to block moisture absorption from the air. Take it out of the waterproof covering when conditions dry out.

Benefits

If kept dry and cool, parched corn can last for months (until the fat goes rancid). Just 1 ounce of this popcorn predecessor has 120 calories, 46 mg of sodium, 5 grams of fat, 120 mg of potassium, 20 grams of carbohydrates, 2 grams of fiber, and 3 grams of protein.

Trench Cake

fruitcake.loaf.1.JPG

Above: Trench cake packs an amazing amount of calories using a bare minimum of ingredients.

While the name and concept of a “fruitcake” dates back to the Middle Ages, baked goods like this actually reach back to Roman times. From old-world hunters to soldiers in the Crusades, people have carried sustaining cakes made of flour, honey, spices, and fruit for centuries. In the late 1800s, fruitcake became extremely popular throughout the British Empire. Later, during World War I, English families sent fruitcakes that were nicknamed “trench cakes” to their brave relatives fighting in the trenches of mainland Europe.

Ingredients

  • 4 cups mixed dried fruit (2 to 3 cups should be golden raisins for the classic taste)
  • 1 cup self-rising flour
  • 1 (400 g) tin sweetened condensed milk
  • ½ cup water
  • 1 egg
  • 1 dash rum or brandy (optional)

Recipe

fruitcake.batter.JPG

Place the fruit and water in a pot, and bring to a boil. Simmer uncovered for two minutes. Cover and cool to room temperature. While the fruit cools, line a deep square or round baking tin with parchment paper (made for baking), bringing the paper ½ inch above the edge of the tin. Preheat the oven to 300 degrees F (150 degrees C). To the pot of fruit, stir in the condensed milk, egg, and then the flour (and liquor, if using). Thoroughly mix the batter. Spoon it into the prepared tin and bake for two hours (or until a toothpick comes out clean after being inserted into the cake).

Storage

There’s only one way to store fruitcake correctly, and that’s wrapped in a cloth that’s been soaked in liquor. To keep the cloth from drying out, the fruit cake can then be shrouded in plastic wrap, or more historically correct, in a metal tin. When embalmed this way, fruitcake can last for many months in a cool location, maybe as much as a year.

Benefits

If you happen to like fruitcake, then this might be the tastiest survival food on our list. And even if you don’t like these bricks of fruit bread, they provide many necessary nutrients. A 4-ounce slab of the average fruitcake contains 369 calories, 20 grams of fat, 46 grams of carbohydrates, 4.3 grams of protein, 68 mg of cholesterol, and 102 mg sodium.

DIY Food Fails

Whether you’re making your survival food over a campfire or in your home kitchen, there are some common food fails that you’ll want to avoid.

Inaccurate Measurements: This common mistake will alter the chemistry of the food you’re cooking, resulting in unpredictable results and weird textures. Make sure to use measuring cups meant for food, and use dry measures for dry ingredients; wet for wet.

Sloppy Storage: As mentioned throughout, you’ll want to keep your food in a cool, dry, dark place — free from insect and rodent pests. If you don’t, spoiled or contaminated food will be your outcome.

Impatient Preparation: Follow the recipe when it comes to cook times and temperatures. Baking your food at a higher temp doesn’t mean it’ll cook faster — it just means you’ll burn it.
Don’t Be Scared of Fat: Forget about your diet! If you’re in a survival situation, calories equal continued life, and nothing has more calories than fat. If a recipe calls for fat, to hell with your Weight Watchers points. Don’t cut back on the fatty ingredients. The food won’t taste right, and it won’t provide you with as much energy. Leave it in there!

all.foods.1.JPG

Conclusion

While some heritage foods have stayed around because they were tasty, other recipes have lingered because they have proven themselves to be a good way of storing nutrients. Just remember that old doesn’t always equate to outdated or obsolete! We hope that one or more of these historic survival foods will inspire you to try something new, and we hope you end up making these just to try them — not because you had to.

More From Issue 30

Don’t miss essential survival insights—sign up for Recoil Offgrid's free newsletter today!

Read articles from the next issue of Recoil Offgrid: Issue 31

Read articles from the previous issue of Recoil Offgrid: Issue 29

Check out our other publications on the web: Recoil | Gun Digest | Blade | RecoilTV | RECOILtv (YouTube)

Editor's Note: This article has been modified from its original version for the web.


Out of the Darkness: Taking Control After Sexual Violence

Photos by Chris Heising and Courtesy Sig Sauer Academy

Imagine waking up in your bed from a dead sleep only to find yourself blindfolded and unable to move, with a stranger on top of you holding you down. Your hands are tied, and you’re being told not to talk. If you think this would never happen to you, you may someday learn you’re very wrong. This is exactly what Kim Corban thought until her life was unexpectedly turned upside down.

Kim is a daughter, sister, wife, college graduate, accomplished business professional, and above all a fierce mother of four wonderful children. When you first meet Kim, you can’t help but admire her determination and positivity. Kim doesn’t portray herself as a victim of sexual violence, and without knowing her story, you’d never think she was the survivor of a heinous crime. If you don’t read any further, let this be your biggest takeaway: There is no demographic or segment of a population where sexual violence does not occur — it can happen to anyone, which means everyone should take steps to protect themselves. Here we’ll explore Kimberly Corban’s story from victim, to survivor, to ongoing advocate.

AO6A7544.cr2

U.S. Department of Justice statistics indicate that rape and sexual crimes are the most underreported categories of violent crime in America, with a staggering 76.8 percent of sexual assaults not reported to the police in 2016.. This is due in part to many survivors viewing the crime as a private matter, fearing reprisal, wondering if they’ll be believed, feeling embarrassment, or citing lack of concrete evidence. Sexual abuse is far more prevalent than most people realize. In fact, it’s estimated that 1 in 10 children will be sexually abused before their 18th birthday.

In 2006, Kim lived in Greely, Colorado. Like most of us, she was comfortable in her routine, and going about her daily business on the assumption that tomorrow would come and be similar to the previous day. That didn’t happen. On May 12, 2006, Kim’s world was torn apart. She was awoken in the early morning hours, blindfolded, and pinned to her bed. For the next several hours, she lived through what many would consider to be their worst nightmare — held against her will and brutally sexually assaulted in the perceived safety of her own home.

Eight out of 10 rape victims know their attacker; Kim did not. Only six out of 1,000 perpetrators end up in prison for the crimes they’ve committed. Fortunately, Kim’s attacker was caught, successfully convicted, and sentenced to 24 years to life in prison for his attack on her.

Sexual violence assault crime self defense survival preparedness 2

Above: An assault can happen anywhere. Attackers often research the patterns of their victims through social media. Learning methods of self-defense, such as carrying a concealed firearm, is one of many ways you can defend yourself. 

Interview with Kim Corban

RECOIL OFFGRID: What were your initial thoughts when you awoke and realized something was wrong?

Kim Corban: I was lying face down and asleep, and when I woke up I felt like I couldn’t breathe. I tried to get up out of my bed and was immediately pushed back down. At first I felt fear, and then it was survival — I thought, I can’t exit the situation, so what do I need to do to get out of it?

Instinctually, what was your first reaction?

KC: I did not have any means of combating someone. I was in a dead sleep when I realized this was happening. I couldn’t see anything. I was blindfolded so I could only hear what was going on, and I was told not to talk. I had one roommate who was home, but I had no idea where she was or what had happened to her. I thought she was probably dead. My hands were tied so I didn’t have the ability to fight back. I didn’t know how to respond — I was helpless. There was no getting out of it physically for me so I froze.

Can you walk me through those few moments when you realized you may not survive?

KC: My adrenaline was high. It was when he started to undress me I knew that if he’s willing to break into my house and rape me then he’s willing to kill me — I needed to survive. I was trying to have measured responses and I figured it was more than just my life at risk here. In the shock I was experiencing, I thought my best chance at survival was to appear nonconfrontational and comply.

Above: Sheena Green, who also contributed to our What If? column elsewhere in this issue, is seen here demonstrating self defense with an edged weapon. She’s a certified firearms instructor and co-leads the Des Moines, Iowa, chapter of The Well Armed Woman.

What was the point in your mind when you said to yourself, I’m going to survive this?

KC: It was a fight to survive. I thought, I have to live through this and try to remember as much as I can and catalog it in my mind, so this doesn’t happen to anyone else. I would talk to him and tell him things like I have an STD, or that I’m claustrophobic, hoping that would matter, and he would untie me so I could get away. It didn’t matter.

He continued with the rape, and when he ejaculated on me he turned me around and I wondered if this is the point where he kills me. My blindfold moved slightly so I could see out the window and I had a sense for the time of day. I just kept talking. Talking kept me alive to this point, so I kept talking. After the rape he held me captive for an hour, and I kept talking. I even told him it was OK what had just happened, hoping that he would leave. He finally asked for a glass of water, told me he was going to come back and take care of me, and I heard the front door of my apartment opening and closing.

Sexual violence assault crime self defense survival preparedness 1

At what point did you know that it was safe to call for help?

KC: When I heard my front door open and close, I looked out the window down at the sidewalk and the parking garage to see if I could see him leave. I couldn’t, so I had no idea where my attacker was. I grabbed my cell phone, which was in my room, and called 911. I remember muffling the phone, so he would not hear any sounds if someone picked up — still not knowing if he was in the apartment. The service at this point was not good, so my call kept getting dropped. I still couldn’t hear anything, so I took a chance and ran across the hall to check on my roommate. She was alive, and we realized he had left the apartment. Sixteen minutes passed before there was any police response. It seemed like forever.

How has your experience changed your belief system?

KC: Prior to the rape, I was sheltered. I just didn’t think this could happen to me. I never actually even considered that this could happen to me. That mentality is a psychological defense to make us feel like we have control, but unfortunately, we don’t always have control. Sexual violence is not a discriminatory crime — I know that now and am very situationally aware of my immediate surroundings.

Above: Sig Sauer Director of Training and Special Events, Hana Bilodeau, demonstrates martial arts techniques to a group of students. 

Since the incident, what steps in your personal life have you taken?

KC: I made the decision to carry a firearm, not because I fear what can happen, but because I know what can happen. Carrying gives me control. I’m still recovering mentally and emotionally, and that means a lot of therapy and someone to talk to even on those days when you don’t think you need it. For me, it’s also about speaking up and being a voice for other survivors. After my experience, I didn’t want to just find a way to live as a survivor, I wanted to find a way to thrive. I found I was able to do that by becoming an advocate, sharing my story, and helping other victims.

Becoming a victim presumably left you feeling vulnerable. What have you done to change that?

KC: My first goal was to not live my life in the role of a victim. My second goal was to help at least one other person to not experience what I did, and give people the confidence to talk about it without feeling ashamed to help others. I accomplished both of these goals by becoming an advocate. I told my story, and I tried to make others feel like it was alright to share and take action to take their lives back.

Sexual violence assault crime self defense survival preparedness 4

Survival advocate Kim Corban is seen here practicing her firearms skills.

What home security measures do you use now that you didn’t before?

KC: I moved to an upstairs apartment. My previous apartment was on the ground level, which left me vulnerable. We installed an alarm system, and while we all know that won’t necessarily prevent crime, it’s a deterrent and awareness mechanism. I have a huge dog. I also got properly trained and educated on firearms safety and use, I understand “stand your ground,” and I now carry. I also have a lot of situational awareness — for instance, I don’t post anything specific on social media, and I am constantly monitoring what’s happening around me.

What one piece of personal safety advice would you offer to others?

KC: Know your options, get educated, and decide what’s best for you. Your needs and protection can change over time so you have to constantly evaluate what those are. Nobody knows what’s best for you other than you. There’s a lot of judgment about owning firearms, but I got educated first and then made my decision — and for me it’s the right decision. Keep an open mind.

Conclusion

Through Kim’s story, it’s clear that we must be prepared to physically stand our ground to protect ourselves. You can work on acquiring skills on how to deliver basic hand-to-hand strikes, learning the anatomy of the body to exploit weaknesses in your enemy, learning to use an object as an improvised weapon to combat an attack, and finding ways to create distractions. Being committed to personal defense and survival could one day save your life or the life of another. Locate a trainer in your area to teach you countermeasures to various forms of physical attack.

Carrying a firearm for personal defense, as Kim has done, may not be viable for everyone or every setting — but don’t dismiss it either. Handgun ownership and use is a huge responsibility and is deserving of research and education to decide if it’s the right choice for you. Research your home state’s laws and firearm regulations, specifically concealed carry laws, home storage laws, and laws of self-defense. If you make the choice to carry, it doesn’t begin and end with the purchase of your firearm. Your focus should be on becoming comfortable with the basic mechanics of the firearm and building a solid foundation through continuous instruction and practice.

Sexual violence assault crime self defense survival preparedness 3

In closing, we think Kim said it best, “Survival is something you do every day, and you have to make the choice to fight for it. You can keep moving forward and have bad days. I have learned to do that. I made the choice to carry, because carrying is one more tool in my toolbox to equalize the odds. It gives me the ability to protect myself and helps me not live in fear.”

About Kim Corban

Learn more about Kim Corban at Kimberlycorban.com or her podcast, “Life As She Knows It” by visiting https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/life-as-she-knows-it/id1341369533?. Follow @kimberly_corban on Twitter & Instagram and @kimberlycorbansurvivor on Facebook.

More From Issue 30

Don’t miss essential survival insights—sign up for Recoil Offgrid's free newsletter today!

Read articles from the next issue of Recoil Offgrid: Issue 31

Read articles from the previous issue of Recoil Offgrid: Issue 29

Check out our other publications on the web: Recoil | Gun Digest | Blade | RecoilTV | RECOILtv (YouTube)

Editor's Note: This article has been modified from its original version for the web.


Video: Scavenging Tinder from a Mora Knife Sheath

Getting a fire going in cold and wet conditions can be a real struggle, and one that can put your life in danger due to hypothermia if you're not adequately prepared. Obviously, the ideal solution is to bring energetic, water-resistant fire-starting supplies (such as waxed tinder wick, fatwood, or Vaseline-coated cotton balls) with you at all times. But preparing only for the ideal scenario is foolish — you should always have backup plans in mind.

Fire starters matches bow drill fresnel lens lighter ferro rod magnesium tinder 2

Dig through your survival pack, and you'll find a variety of petroleum-based plastic and rubber products. While burning these materials in large quantities creates black smoke and may not be friendly to Mother Nature, doing so in small amounts can help you get a fire going. Potential combustible materials include disposable plastic bottles, food wrappers, rubber gloves, shreds of tape, or ranger bands. Some will ignite easily, while others will be more resistant, but when they burn they'll usually do so with a strong flame.

Knife sheath fire starter tinder ferro rod Mora winter snow shtf 1

In the following video, Dan from Coalcracker Bushcraft demonstrates one source for synthetic tinder that you may not have considered: a knife sheath. Specifically, he's using the 90-degree spine on a Mora Basic 511 to scrape small curls of plastic off its hard sheath. Although this damages the sheath, you could easily use this method multiple times without completely ruining it — and as Dan mentions, this is an emergency measure, not one you'll be using constantly. Plus, the Basic 511 is only $8, so buying another one won't exactly break the bank.

If you're interested in learning more winter fire-starting methods, check out our previous article on Advanced Fire-Starting Techniques in Cold Weather.


Survivalist Spotlight: Rudy Reyes

Photos by Q Concepts

When you hear Rudy Reyes talk about his 47 years of existence, it makes you wonder why he isn’t being passed around like a hot potato among VA hospitals or slamming heroin under a bridge somewhere. He was the product of a father he never really knew. He was raised in a big city surrounded by gangs, crime, and drug abuse. He was shuffled around between relatives, abused mercilessly, and ultimately ended up in a boys’ home. He’s been in warzones where the worst aspects of human nature are seething and raw, leaving an indelible imprint on the souls of those who live through it. The odds didn’t favor him living long enough to tell his story, but odds are something that Rudy’s understood how to control and use to his advantage. The hallmarks of a reluctant but self-admitted warrior.

leading 1st Marine division near Baghdad during the invasion in 2003

Leading 1st Marine division near Baghdad during the invasion in 2003.

He isn’t some self-aggrandizing personality putting his own interests above everyone else so he can make money off his own name. Quite the opposite. Everyone else comes first for Rudy. He’s one of those guys whom after knowing him 20 minutes you feel like you’ve known him 20 years. It’s a personality that can only be described as incandescent; the big brother you never had and always wanted. He doesn’t need to prove anything to anyone. He’s living proof of what you can do if you have the tenacity to rise above what’s thrown at you and be there for others who need you.

Martial artist, Recon Marine team leader and scout sniper, DoD consultant, actor, motivational speaker, environmentalist, brand ambassador, father — the list just keeps growing. We spoke with Rudy about what’s kept him going in the face of adversity, his experiences in the military, his work to rebuild our planet, and what’s really at the core of a true survivor. If we could bottle and sell Rudy’s motivation and infectious enthusiasm, we could make Warren Buffett look destitute. Until we figure out a way to do that, we’ll give you some insight into what makes him tick and his advice to survive whatever you encounter in life.

Our Interview with Rudy Reyes

RECOIL OFFGRID: It sounds like you learned about survival from a young age. Tell us how you came into this world.

Rudy Reyes: So I was taught very early that the world’s designed to kill you, and it wouldn’t be doing its job if it were anything but. How we thrive as a human race is through struggle, strife, and conquest. Through that we become intelligent and people with will. The people with grit who can somehow, no matter what, make it to that new dawn, they’re the ones remembered throughout history, and the ones we extol in songs and movies, and our very society is built upon their backs.

Rudy with his brothers and mom, Norma, Christmas 1975.

Rudy with his brothers and mom, Norma, Christmas 1975.

My mother was 16 years old and fell in love with my father, who was a Marine getting ready to go on a second tour of Vietnam. He was very intelligent and handsome, and people gravitated to him his whole life. I guess in a lot of ways I’m a lot like my biological father; however, he didn’t want me or my mother. He came from a more prestigious family, and my mother came from a very poor family. He didn’t choose to stay with my mother and I, so while my mom was pregnant with me, the father who gave me his name and ethos is Rodolfo Reyes, Sr. He’s the one who taught me to fight for what’s right and that selfishness and greediness are the two ugliest things a man can be. He was also a proud Marine and was a law enforcement officer for much of his life afterward. They’ve both since passed away, but it was Rudy Reyes, Sr. who I carry with me to this day, and I think he’s an angel looking after me.

When I was a child, there was always fighting, yelling, and I was treated much worse than my other two brothers. Little did I know, but everyone else in the family knew, that I was his bastard son. I looked more white and different than my other two brothers and some of my other family. I stuck out. I can remember my father Rudy Reyes, Sr., in my front yard with his pistol pulled out and in the head of my grandfather who had his knife out and was horribly abusive, and almost beat me to death. It was frightening, people were screaming, and the other police were coming, but I was very proud and knew that the measure of a man was my father who stood up for me and what was right.

Shortly after that my mother and father divorced, and my brothers and I grew up being shuffled around among different relatives. My mother got involved with another man, and we became second priority. Then, it got harder and harder; we went to very tough schools with lots of kids with very tough backgrounds and no fathers at home, so I also learned that the strong survive. I excelled at lifting weights and sports to make myself stronger, although I was malnourished and we all got very sick because of the conditions we were in. We had lice, worms, and ultimately I got hepatitis and almost died when I was 10 or 11, but I still kept pushing myself.

In Houston, Texas, 1977, with little brothers Michael (center) and Caesar on the right.

In Houston, Texas, 1977, with little brothers Michael (center) and Caesar on the right.

When my little brother Caesar and I were blessed enough to go to the Omaha Home for Boys, then we were able to get well. There we got shots, dental care, haircuts, sports, coaching, and rules. Young men thrive in structure.

I just took the ball and ran with it. I did sports and still kept painting and drawing. We farmed, I learned to drive a tractor, we worked to feed ourselves, and it was very much like the military. I really thrived there, and it gave me confidence. One of the things in survival and times of crisis — confidence is the medicine for panic and it comes from competence. You can’t be confident unless you’re competent, and you can’t be competent unless you’re trained. We’d say in Recon, there were two types of men — trained and untrained.

Strangely enough, it sounds like being in an orphanage improved your situation.

RR: It very much did. For the average American it’d probably seem austere, but for me it was amazing. We got to eat all we wanted. We got to train. We had strength in numbers. When we went to the public school, we banded together, and that way the other kids wouldn’t bully us. It was incredible, brother.

OPFOR at Ft. Hunter Liggett, 2002

OPFOR at Ft. Hunter Liggett, 2002.

Tell me how Bruce Lee became an inspiration, what you love about martial arts, and how it became a way to protect yourself.

RR: My father, being a Marine, loved to whoop ass. He was 5-foot-4, but walked around like he was 7 feet tall. The confidence of infantrymen in the Marines is just unreal. He would take me to see the Kung Fu cinema at the drive-ins. I was obsessed with the asceticism and culture of the East, because it seemed they had something for self-development. My father also collected Black Belt magazine and was always practicing with his nunchucks. There was already a culture of warriors there and I was always in love with manhood, so I tried to soak up every little bit I could.

I grew up in the hard inner-city parts of Kansas City as well as impoverished South Texas on the border. You think the border’s hard now; you can’t imagine what it was like in the ’70s and early ’80s. My mother was into drugs, and so were the people around her. In the early ’80s, crack had hit the streets in Kansas City. Gangs were proliferating. It was legitimate combat. I had to be able to fight to protect my two little brothers, and it gave me great pride to do that. And it empowered them to become lifelong martial artists as well.

Did you get into MMA as a profession or a hobby?

RR: I got into Sanshou, which is kickboxing and Judo. It was just in its infancy when I was competing as a kickboxer in the Chin Woo Martial Art Academy and throughout international competitions. Where I got heavier into MMA was in the Marine Corps. We do the MMA program in the Corps, and it’s one mind, any weapon. We fight, we grapple. We fight with knives, guns, improvised weapons such as E-tools and helmets — what you’re wearing is a weapon. Being stationed in San Diego my whole career, there was an immense martial arts community there, and I just immersed myself in it. To this day, it’s just part of who I am.

Continuous sniper missions in Fallujah, 2004.

Continuous sniper missions in Fallujah, 2004.

What made you want to become a Marine?

RR: Believe it or not, what made me want to go into it is goodness. I saw a documentary on the war in Kosovo with an orphanage and all these kids who’ve lost their parents in sniper alley. Shortly after that I read in the paper that President Clinton was putting boots on the ground in Kosovo. That’s why — to fight and defend my little brothers all over again. It struck me as something that needed to be done. I joined as an infantryman and was afforded the opportunity to try out for Recon, and it changed my pathway.

I went through a training evolution that’d culminate three years later after being a paratrooper, combat diver, demolition expert, mountain warfare expert, and then running things in and out of helicopters of all sorts. From doing that, I was on the 15th Mountain Expeditionary Unit. Then sure enough, as karma would have it, I was on a ship when the towers were hit, and my platoon and a platoon of SEALs were the very first American fighters in Pakistan, and then Afghanistan. I found myself fighting as a point man and scout sniper with an amazing team. My team leader was a Ranger, sniper, and badass drill instructor, and we came back after fighting and winning, and then I got the orders that we were to prepare for Iraq.

And as you know, the Iraq war didn’t slow down for many years. I fought and led the invasion with my team, and it’s documented — many people know about it from Generation Kill on HBO and the book of the same title, which is the true story of my team. Then, we fought in Fallujah and Ramadi in some of the worst guerilla warfare you can imagine — some of the heaviest street-to-street, village-to-village fighting since Hue City in Vietnam.

Helicopter insertion Afghanistan 2001.

Helicopter insertion in Afghanistan, 2001.

After all that, I came back after two enlistments in the Marine Corps and didn’t know what I wanted to do, except somehow be relevant. I thought, with those experiences, both sacred and profane, what do I do with them now? I went back to my simple disciplines: training, martial arts, teaching MMA, and doing triathlons. But even that wasn’t making me happy. I needed my community back. I needed my dignity and pride back from doing something truly immense.

The glory one feels in war is well earned in knowing you’re alive and your enemies are dead. If you weren’t absolutely sharp, together, and professional at being the most dangerous face on the friggin’ planet for seven months straight in Fallujah and Ramadi, if you were anything less than a warlord, you’d be dead. So after vibrating at that level, then I came back here and there’s nothing that was bringing that to me, I had to bring it to myself.

Rudy Reyes interview Survivalist Spotlight Force Blue marine recon survival prepping 5

What were your experiences like in combat that had the biggest impact on you?

RR: There’s so many. You’re living and breathing it everyday. I also think the brain puts it away too because it can only handle so much for so long. Some things were forgotten and then they come back to me in flashes or were triggered by some other experience. We did the heaviest stuff. Patrolling day and night for two or three days in immense heat. Then other times we’d lay in a canal and let the patrol move on out. And then me and my team would be the hunter-killer team to circumvent the main supply route and set in as the gun trucks would do a vehicle checkpoint on any enemy running the opposite way. That stuff was like every other day.

What was even heavier, aside from toppling two regimes and cutting off the snake — my platoon was chopped away for a special program called Operation: Trojan Horse, where men who look ethnic/Latin like me would disguise ourselves as Pakistani workers. Spies would see me leaving the base into a taxi, which had other Recon Marines in it and some armor inside the cab. We’d have cutoff teams and close air support. It was highly mechanized and highly rehearsed in conjunction with various units — Green Berets, Recon Marines, Air Force, other agencies — and we would draw the insurgents or corrupt policemen out and they would try to kidnap and kill me in close quarters on the road.

Rudy Reyes interview Survivalist Spotlight Force Blue marine recon survival prepping 3

Above: At the Force Blue HQ in Key Largo. Learn more about their work at ForceBlueTeam.org. Special thanks to DemerBox and Virtus Outdoor Group.

In milliseconds we’d be engaging at 50 mph with fully automatic weapons, kill these insurgents or policemen, and cut off the road. From the information we’d get off their phones and computers or anything they had; we’d do direct-action hits. We really shut down the IED and major terrorist threat in that zone for some time. Of course, we’re not able to hold it forever because eventually we rotated back to the world and then the tyranny seeps back in. These are just some of the things I did out there. Our First Recon battalion did jump missions, snatch and grab direct-action, sniper missions, demo missions, you name it. It was a target-rich environment, and there was so much fighting to do.

What do you think the key to surviving in combat is? Is it training? Innate skill? Instinct?

RR: I think you hit on all of them, but most people don’t trust their instincts because they’ve not honed them. You have to have a positive mental attitude and be immersed into the process of training and improving your position, always! You can think about survival in this way. Always in a survival or combat situation, always improve your position. Insist on it. When you instill young men and women with that mindset and confidence in themselves, they will be seeking self-improvement always. They’ll never be filled with hubris. It’s a mosaic of skills, practice, attitude, physical fitness — it’s all of those things together. And passion!

How did you feel after you rotated back to civilian life with all these experiences that you’d lived through?

RR: When you live like that for so long, it becomes normal to you and you’re so happy with the small things — hot chow, hot coffee, laughing with your brothers. It’s really rich in a lot of ways; it’s so extreme, but so rich because happiness is true happiness there. You’re filled with happiness because you’re alive and have developed self-esteem and respect. Imagine your best friend, and now imagine four other of them always around you just as good as your best friend, and the rest of the platoon — you have a war tribe family that supports you. So coming back here without the family and without a mission that’s so dangerous that I had to put all of my passion and intelligence into it, without those things you can stumble and fall down and have depression. All those things happen to a lot of us.

Cultivating antler coral in Cayman Islands.

Cultivating antler coral in Cayman Islands.

After you got out of the military and wondering what you were going to do, how did you start the next chapter?

RR: I went to my warrior discipline. I was training and immediately started coaching boxing, kickboxing, and MMA, and clients just flooded me with work. Soon the State Department got a hold of me and needed me to teach and prepare Navy explosive ordnance disposal techs to go in country and attach to special operations units. So I was contracting stateside, teaching and training, and I still had this idea that I’d try and change the world somehow. As this was happening I got a call and the people at HBO were very interested in me helping with the production of this miniseries called Generation Kill. That sent me in a whole other trajectory.

What would you say to the men and women out there suffering from what they’ve experienced in combat and feel helpless and dismissed?

RR: I felt all those things too, so I was no different than the rest of the brothers and sisters. I had so much forward momentum that I could keep a focus. Now we know so much more about PTSD and what men and women who go down range carry back with them. I believe there are four things that can make a stable structure. First is physical fitness because it creates self-esteem. And the chemicals that happen from training can combat the things that cause depression. Number two is your community — reach out! Isolation kills. Now, in this age of social media, there are so many people and groups in which you can do this.

Number three is having Mother Nature. You must go out and be in the ocean, the land, the mountains. You must get out there and get your hands dirty and feel the rain upon your chest. This is the way human beings are designed; we are animals of the Earth and very much need to connect with that source. The last thing is you need a mission, whether it’s getting a job or being the best spouse and parent or starting a nonprofit like I did or going to school. Whatever’s going to improve your position. All the things you learned in the military, push it forward and remember those four things.

First Force Blue graduation at Sunset House, Grand Cayman Islands.

First Force Blue graduation at Sunset House, Grand Cayman Islands.

Tell us about some of the other movie and television experiences you’ve had like Apocalypse Man and how those came about.

RR: Isn’t that awesome? It was such a good show! Discovery Channel threw every bit of its budget to defeat History Channel, and History Channel didn’t have the money. Everyone looks back at Apocalypse Man and says, “Rudy, this is some of your best work!” It was about how you use urban techniques practically and people loved it. Since then, I’ve had a few other television shows like Ultimate Survival Alaska. I have another show I’m working on right now that has elements of warrior and survival, and all the stuff I do and love. When that was happening, I started getting into feature films. I acted in films, advising, some stunts, and now I write and help with the scripts. I also assistant directed the Marine Corps Super Bowl commercial — massive responsibility!

I’m an advocate for physical fitness and mental wellness for our people. I help bring attention and get people to get along financially. I help special organizations like the Recon Sniper Foundation and another called Lionhearted utilizing art and expression that’s absolutely wonderful. I work with We Are the Mighty, which is a for-profit business that employs veterans. Really I’m just back full circle to where I was before. I’m expressing myself because I can write and speak publicly. I’m staying fit, I’ve partnered with Spartan Race, and I lead with their adventures. I’m working on my own clothing company with David Wood, who is a Marine as well, called Virtus. I’m the commander of my life now as well as the point man. I make my missions.

With Nicole Rozga in Puerto Rico doing massive coral restoration and relief work after Hurricane Irma.

With Nicole Rozga in Puerto Rico doing massive coral restoration and relief work after Hurricane Irma.

Tell me about Force Blue and how that came about.

RR: To this day, I don’t think there’s been anything more important that I’ve been a part of in my short life than Force Blue. It came about as a dream. Myself, Jim Ritterhoff, and others went down to the Cayman Islands for some PTSD therapy. I used to be a combat diver, but I never felt a dive in a way that was healthy. It just made me happy and calm in the ocean with all the blue, the fish, and the sky — it brought a childhood wonder back to my life. I understood that these coral reefs were being destroyed by the cruise liner industry and other manmade things, and I said, “No way, we’ve gotta do something.” Jim said that we’re going to lose it if we don’t do something about it, so I said that’s what we’re gonna do then. I don’t know how, but that’s it.

We’ve been fully operational for a whole year and rebuilt coral reefs after the hurricanes. We’re really fighting for the most precious and noble cause in the world that’s all about survival — and that’s the ocean. Every third breath you take is from the coral reefs, and if we lose those reefs we lose it all. It’s fantastic, brother! I don’t know how to tell you how rad it is that I’m smiling and doing all this work with other veterans and families. That’s really proof in the pudding that Force Blue saves lives, and it’s only just begun.

With Force Blue Team 2 and master of culture, Roger Sparks (seen behind Rudy).

With Force Blue Team 2 and master of culture, Roger Sparks (seen behind Rudy).

So many people still think that the world of survival and preparation is just based on paranoia and some fringe movement. What do you think it takes to make people more conscientious about it and put aside these misconceptions?

RR: Too many of the Doomsday Preppers-style narratives and shows have been out there. Media has to sell product, and there’s a few ways to sell. If you know about advertising and media using base drives inside of people to mobilize them to buy things, guess what? Fear is a big one. Let us break out of that narrative of fear and instead have a narrative of self-reliance and the confidence and happiness one has when they’re prepared. That’s what I love. How rad is it when you learn how to forage for your own food? When you learn how to make your own bio-diesel? When you know how to garden, hunt, and make your own tools? It’s a beautiful transition and new narrative of a human society that’s more responsible, capable, and ready, rather than just waiting for something to happen.

What do you think the single biggest thing is that people need to prepare for?

RR: The basics. In the Marine Corps you have to have your survival kit. You have to have water procurement, fire procurement, medical, signaling, shelter, those basics. You should have your basic survival kit, and it’s so simple to do. Make your little go-bag for the car, make some for the house, make sure you have access to water or know how to purify your water, basic first-aid, and signaling, which is very important. If there’s certain emergencies where we don’t have comms, if there’s an EMP, you’re out of range, then all of a sudden you’re reliant on simple communication. You should also learn how to use Ham radios. Also, rehearsing things with your neighbors and community. There’s nothing that people can’t overcome with just a little passion, planning, and a couple rehearsals.

Hunting lionfish, an invasive species in Florida.

Hunting lionfish, an invasive species in Florida.

If you had three wishes for the future of our survival and this planet, what would they be?

RR: Three ideals. The first is that conservation becomes a bedrock of human culture, regardless of nationality, language, race, or religion. Number two is a return to families having time to spend in the wilderness or in the ocean, whether it’s learning to sail, going into the woods to camp, fishing, hunting, and not just going to Disneyland or on a cruise. Inner cities creating community gardens everywhere. Number three is everyone leaving wherever they’re at a little better than they found it. If we do that, we’ll solve all the problems on this planet.

About Rudy Reyes

Rudy Reyes interview Survivalist Spotlight Force Blue marine recon survival prepping 2

Age: 47

Hometown:
Kansas City, MO

Best advice you ever got:
“Take it personal.” — Roger Sparks, Recon mentor

Childhood dream girl:
Farrah Fawcett and Chrissie Hynde

Bedside gun:
Glock 19, but any weapon you got is the right weapon.

Marital status:
Single

Children:
Dylan, 5; Belladonna, 8

Required reading list:

  • Guns, Germs and Steel: A Short History of Everybody for the Last 13,000 Years by Jared Diamond
  • Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed by Jared Diamond
  • The Seat of the Soul by Gary Zukav
  • Gates of Fire by Steven Pressfield
  • Dark Tower series by Stephen King

Favorite movie:
Heat, but anything by Michael Mann, really.

Favorite word:
Magnificent

Least favorite word:
Can’t

Everyday carry:
Glock 19, snubby Taurus .38 when permissible

URL:
www.rudyreyes.com

More From Issue 30

Don’t miss essential survival insights—sign up for Recoil Offgrid's free newsletter today!

Read articles from the next issue of Recoil Offgrid: Issue 31

Read articles from the previous issue of Recoil Offgrid: Issue 29

Check out our other publications on the web: Recoil | Gun Digest | Blade | RecoilTV | RECOILtv (YouTube)

Editor's Note: This article has been modified from its original version for the web.


FarOutRide: Documenting a Bug-Out Van Build

Whether you love adventure on the open road, you're looking to become better prepared for a bug-out situation, you want to downsize your life, or all of the above, building a vehicle into a home on wheels is an appealing idea. We've written about many such builds in the past — they range from minimalistic to extravagant, and from 15-passenger vans to converted box trucks. Above all, these vehicles are designed to provide a comfortable place to sleep, secure storage for gear and supplies, and a rugged means of transportation that can traverse countless miles of highways and trails.

FarOutRide Ford Transit camper van bug out vehicle build adventure expedition 5

Photo via FarOutRide

If you've considered diving in to a camper van build project of your own, it's valuable to study other successful builds and learn from the builders. Total cost and time expended are especially important variables, and few builders share these details publicly. Fortunately, we recently came across FarOutRide.com, a web site dedicated to sharing every detail of a Ford Transit van project.

Photo via FarOutRide.com

Photo via FarOutRide

The creators of FarOutRide, Isabelle and Antoine, quit lucrative engineering jobs and sold their house before moving into their self-built van in 2017. Since then, they've been continually updating their web site to document the project and encourage others to do the same.

Specifically, the FarOutRide is a high-roof, extended-length 2016 Ford Transit with a 3.7L gas V6. Isabelle and Antoine purchased the van for $45,000 CAD (roughly $35,000 USD). The couple have tracked and itemized their subsequent build expenses, which currently total just over $18,000 USD, bringing total cost to $53,000.

FarOutRide Ford Transit camper van bug out vehicle build adventure expedition 1

Photo via FarOutRide

However, time is money, and it's undeniable that an immense amount of labor has gone into the build. Conservatively, they estimate 640 hours spent on the van, but also admit the reality is probably closer to 1,000 hours including all the small tasks that weren't strictly tracked. Isabelle and Antoine did the work themselves, saving what could have easily been tens of thousands of dollars in labor if it was done by a third party.

FarOutRide Ford Transit camper van bug out vehicle build adventure expedition 2

Photo via FarOutRide

If you're interested in building a camper van, bug-out vehicle, or overland rig, we'd encourage you to check out FarOutRide.com. It's full of a wealth of info that can help you decide if you're ready for van life, and budget accordingly.


Review: Heroclip Hooked Carabiners

Most of us know the carabiner as a form of mountaineering equipment — these days, you'll generally find them in the climbing section of sporting goods and outdoor gear stores. However, the origin of this name hints at its original use. Carabiner is derived from karabinerhaken, German for carbine hook. The earliest carabiners were used by German riflemen in the 1930s to attach gear to belts. But you don't have to be a mountain-climber or a soldier to see the value of this ubiquitous tool.

Carabiners serve a myriad of purposes for hiking, backpacking, camping, and emergency preparedness. The most obvious of these is — just like the original karabinerhaken — to retain gear on a belt, strap, rope, or ridgeline. A carabiner can snap a loose accessory onto PALS webbing on a plate carrier, hook a handbag to a piece of luggage, suspend a hammock, connect a water bottle to a backpack strap, or stow your keys on a belt loop. We've used them to hang gravity water purifiers, bear bags, and lanterns in the backcountry. A large carabiner also works well as a carry handle for multiple heavy shopping bags, and you could even use one as an improvised weapon in a pinch.

Carabiner-EDC-OFGP-180600-POCKET-lead

As a result of these uses, we make a point to have a carabiner (or a few) close at hand. Some of these are heavy-duty climbing tools that could be used for rappelling, while others are of the multipurpose every-day-carry variety. Some of the latter category incorporate other functions, such as a bottle opener, prybar, bit driver, or even an integrated USB power bank.

The Heroclip

Heroclip carabiner review camping hiking backpacking survival water purification 11

Much like a traditional carabiner, the Heroclip is constructed of solid billet aluminum and available numerous anodized colors. It features a spring-loaded wire gate, and an asymmetrical body that's larger on one side. Where it differs from tradition is its patented dual-jointed hook and swivel.

Heroclip carabiner review camping hiking backpacking survival water purification 9

When not in use, the Heroclip's hook encircles the top half of the carabiner, remaining relatively compact and unable to be dislodged in transit. To open the hook, the user must press on the gate and rotate the hook to the side. It swivels a full 360 degrees, and also pivots 180 degrees to reach the opposite end of the carabiner.

Heroclip carabiner review camping hiking backpacking survival water purification 8

The hook can now be looped around objects that the carabiner wouldn't otherwise fit onto, such as large railings or tree branches. Additionally, the Heroclip hook has a “beak” tip that's designed to grab flat surfaces — ledges, walls, tabletops, and so on. The beak has a rubberized insert that provides additional grip and reduces slippage.

Heroclip carabiner review camping hiking backpacking survival water purification 7

The Heroclip is available in three sizes, with the following specs:

  • Medium – holds up to 60 pounds – $20 MSRP
  • Small – holds up to 50 pounds – $18 MSRP
  • Mini – holds up to 40 pounds – $15 MSRP

The polymer-encased swivel may not look strong, but it feels quite sturdy and had no problem carrying the maximum rated weight during our testing.

Color choices include various two-tone schemes ranging from silver on gray to bright teal on orange, as well as the monochrome Stealth Black seen in our photos. In case these options aren't sufficiently high-vis for you, the company offers patterns that include blue digital camo and rainbow.

Our Impressions of the Heroclip

Heroclip carabiner review camping hiking backpacking survival water purification 5

We tried out a trio of Heroclips in various sizes to determine if this design adds value for practical use in the outdoors. As we mentioned earlier, one place we commonly use a carabiner is on a gravity water filtration setup, so we set out to see how the Heroclip fared for this purpose.

Heroclip carabiner review camping hiking backpacking survival water purification 3

A quick aside about the setup seen here — it's based around a Hydrapak Seeker reservoir with a quick-disconnect cap and hose. This reservoir holds 3 liters of dirty water, and is suspended from a tree or other elevated surface. Gravity feeds the water down through a Sawyer Squeeze filter using the included inline adapter caps. The clean hose can be inserted into any other reservoir, usually a Klean Kanteen bottle or another hydration system. Total cost for the hydration gear was less than $50, weight is minimal at roughly 6 ounces, and it packs down easily.

Heroclip carabiner review camping hiking backpacking survival water purification 2

We like the Hydrapak Seeker for this purpose because it has several built-in attachment points. Normally, we'd use a plain-jane carabiner hooked around a small forked tree branch. However, we've run into cases where most nearby branches are too big for a carabiner to fit around, or too small to hold enough weight. In some environments, you may have a tough time finding anything to clip the carabiner to. Rather than rigging a paracord ridgeline or MacGyvering something temporary out of zip ties and duct tape, it's helpful to have a more versatile solution.

Heroclip carabiner review camping hiking backpacking survival water purification 4

The Heroclip excels at this task — it actually seems made for it. The water weight will never exceed its carrying capacity, and the rotating hook makes it simple to attach our gravity filtration kit to virtually any nearby object. This includes flat surfaces, like the edge of a wall or rock outcrop. This is a case where the Heroclip is clearly easier to use than a regular carabiner.

So what about other carabiner-y uses?

Obviously, the Heroclip is not intended for climbing, and using it for this purpose would be dangerous. It's also not suitable for use on a hammock or in other high-stress settings. On the other end of the spectrum, it wouldn't be our first choice for retaining keys or other small accessories. It's a bit bulkier than an EDC-specific carabiner like a Nite Ize S-biner or a Keybiner, and we don't foresee needing to suspend our car keys from a ledge any time soon.

Heroclip carabiner review camping hiking backpacking survival water purification 1

That said, when you find a situation where you need to attach Thing A to Thing B and your carabiner won't fit around both, the Heroclip helps tremendously. For example, you might want to hang your 35-pound backpack off the ground and away from critters, but said backpack is heavy enough that it'll snap any of the small branches that would fit inside your carabiner. The Heroclip hook lets you suspend it from a much larger branch — even if the hook doesn't clear the whole branch, its “beak” will hold on to most surfaces.

Speaking of that beak, we found that it tends to slip on smoother surfaces. Its hard rubber construction is more like a hockey puck than a pencil eraser, and it lacks texture. This is one area we feel could be improved, although it's not an issue you'll notice in most cases.

Conclusions

Heroclip carabiner review camping hiking backpacking survival water purification 10

At the end of the day, the Heroclip isn't a replacement for your existing carabiners — at least not most of them. It is, however, a great alternative for the situations when you need to suspend gear from uneven or unusual surfaces. And when you're not using the hook, it works as a decent (albeit rather bulky) carabiner. We'll certainly be using one in our gravity water filter kit from now on.

Heroclip carabiner review camping hiking backpacking survival water purification 6

Pros:

  • Extremely versatile
  • Good range of sizes — we prefer the Small
  • Hook stows neatly when not in use
  • Reasonably-priced

Cons:

  • Relatively low weight ratings
  • Bulkier than most non-climbing-rated carabiners
  • Rubberized hook “beak” isn't as grippy as we'd like

For more info on Heroclip, go to MyHeroclip.com.


6 Trap Triggers for Survival

Disclaimer: The concepts shown here are for illustrative purposes only. Be sure to check local laws before setting any traps.

You can’t grill it until you kill it. This expression sends anti-hunter types into full-triggered mode. To some, there’s a preconceived notion that living in the woods will only require eating nuts and berries. The reality of the scenario involves a much larger buffet line of small game and rodents that pack nutritious calories in little fur-bundled packages. Running around trying to hunt them expends more calories than will be returned — so the logical answer to the survival question is developing a series of traps that’ll work for you when you rest or attend to other survival needs.

Check out the most popular survival books in your local bookstore or library, and you’ll find any number of elaborate trap illustrations. Creating these traps may seem like a daunting task, but with enough practice, a rough working example can be made in short order. We’ve seen these books, and we’ve also seen what’s often left out of written instruction. We’ll break down some of the most common traps and focus on the trigger mechanisms to make them both more sensitive and more effective in putting meat over your fire. Check your local regulations as well before setting any traps.

Crushing Traps

Figure 4

01.JPG

The Figure 4 trap trigger is easily carved with nothing more than a blade and some hardwood. This trigger is most frequently used with a crushing weight, such as a rock or large round of wood, but pest control can be handled in urban areas with wood planks, pallets, and cinder blocks. Use dried seasoned branches free of rot, if you can. Green branches will contract as they dry and may split along the grain. If possible, select wood free of knots and about the thickness of a Sharpie marker to start. You can always scale your trap part components up or down. The three components — the upright, diagonal, and horizontal (these terms will make sense shortly) — can all be carved from a single stick. The thickest part of the stick is used for the diagonal stick, the thinnest for the horizontal, and medium thickness for the upright.

The key to carving the Figure 4 is to make precise cuts with the correct angles and orientation to one another. The vertical stick requires a chisel tip as well as a 90-degree angle. The diagonal stick requires a ramped notch on one end and a chisel on the other. The horizontal requires two ramped notches configured 90 degrees offset from each other. The three pieces of this trap trigger are held in place with opposing pressure. The angle of the diagonal stick and the length will vary the speed at which it triggers.

04.JPG

Above: The Figure 4 trap trigger is adaptable to many variations of crushing traps. This trap has an additional weight added to the primary crushing log to increase lethality and effectiveness.

When carved correctly, the Figure 4 will be thrown out of the way when the trap is triggered. To make it more sensitive, keep the points of contact smooth without bevels or scratches. Don’t drive the vertical stick into the ground, but rather rest it on a hard surface instead. The size of the weight will depend on the animal you intend to catch; for example, a 10-pound rock falling on a 2-pound animal will be sufficient to crush it. Placing a flat rock or setting the trap on a hard surface will increase the crushing force of your trap.

Pros: Simple knife-and-knowledge skill (just add sticks). Works well with “cage-like” traps, too.

Cons: Requires a deadfall weight

Paiute Figure 4

14.JPG

Above: The Paiute Figure 4 trap trigger requires less carving with the trade-off of adding cordage to the setup. The Paiute Figure 4 is an incredibly responsive and fast trap trigger; it works well with crushing traps and makeshift cage traps. A cage trap can be created to catch animals live, but must be weighted to prevent an animal from escaping.

A variation of a Figure 4 with increased sensitivity is the Paiute Figure 4. This trap needs less carving, but requires cordage. In the Southwest states where the Paiute lived, Yucca fibers were easily processed into cordage with sufficient strength for trap triggers. In the modern era, paracord innards and jute twine can be substituted if your natural cordage making skills aren’t up to snuff. Make sure your cordage has little to no stretch to prevent delayed action.

10.JPG

The Paiute requires a single chisel tip and ramped notch along with a single groove around the horizontal stick. If you’re using reverse-wrapped cordage, the initial loop created can be looped around the toggle that wraps around the vertical stick. Where many survival manuals get it wrong is showing the Paiute trigger stick and toggle stick carved to perfect flats that maximize contact with one another at the expense of increased friction. To increase the sensitivity of the trigger and toggle, round the ends and smooth them out as best as possible.

17.JPG

Pros: Less carving than Figure 4, very fast trigger.

Cons: Requires cordage and a deadfall weight

The Simple Snare

A simple snare loop can be made from wire. Ideally, the wire should be the braided variety as it has greater resistance to breaking and the braid has a tendency to catch animal fur, adding a level of retention. Aside from the wire, the only other material necessary is a small twig or a stick that serves as a dowel. The process is easy.

42.JPG

Step 1: Cut a small length of snare wire (approximately 18 inches). About 4 inches down from one end, place a dowel horizontally across the wire and loop the wire around three times.

43.JPG

Step 2: With one hand pinching the dowel and the other the ends of the wire, twist it tightly a half dozen times.

44.JPG

Step 3: Break the dowel in half and pull it from the loop. Don’t let the loop close, but pinch it flat.

45.JPG

Step 4: Bend the tail end of the working end of the wire to create an acute hook.

46.JPG

Step 5: Thread the running end of the wire through the twisted loop and position the hook on the other end of the wire in line with the opening. The hook may increase the chances of hooking on the prey’s fur and help close the loop.

Step 6: Measure the size of the loop appropriately for the prey you intend to catch. The size of the loop should be approximately two to three fingers wide for a chipmunk or squirrel and four fingers for a rabbit.

Step 7: Attach the running end of the snare wire to a good anchor. Make sure the anchor is affixed to the ground or a branch the animal cannot break free. If you have them, use a fishing swivel to prevent the wire from twisting and weakening.

Snaring Traps

Goal Post

20.JPG

Above: The Goal Post setup is a bidirectional trap trigger. Regardless of which way an animal runs through the Goal Post, it’ll trigger. Whenever a lightweight snare is used, small forked twigs can be used to prop it open and hold it at the right height above the ground. A simple girth hitch can be used to create the snare loop with a simple stopper knot.

The goal post trap trigger is simple to construct with only three sticks and some form of lifting mechanism (bent sapling, counterweight, tensioned cord, etc). Cut two upright posts and carve ramped notches into them at the same height. Cut the upright sticks into digging chisels or a point. Using a blade, cut serrations in the space between the chisel tip and the notched ramps on each upright to grip the earth and prevent them from being easily extracted. The horizontal stick is the trigger pin; cut it to create two 90-degree angles opposite from each other on the two ends.

29.JPG

The goal post is set by pounding the upright sticks in the ground along a game trail. The width between the goal post will vary, but in general it should be slightly wider than the animal’s body. Make sure the upright sticks are positioned with the ramped notches facing opposite directions inline with the game trail. This allows the trigger pin to fire from either direction. Placing the notches on the uprights facing the same way will only allow the trap to work in one direction. A single or a double snare can be suspended from the horizontal post. When the animal runs through the goal post and is caught through the snare, the trigger pin will be displaced and the tension from the lifting mechanism lifts the animal. Contrary to popular belief, the animal need not be lifted entirely off the ground. All that’s needed is to lift the front legs. Lifting an animal completely off the ground and out of the reach of predators does have its place when they could also be in the area.

23.JPG

Pros: Very strong bidirectional trigger

Cons: Requires additional cordage for lifting mechanism

Toggle (aka the “L7” Trigger)

Above: The “L7” trap trigger utilizes two forked sticks that hook onto one another. It’s very responsive and can be used for many setups, including fishing traps that set the hook when triggered. Forked “Y” twigs are used for holding snares at the appropriate height.

The toggle trigger is shaped and configured just like the letter “L” and number 7. This trigger works on the concept of opposing pressure to keep it from firing. This trigger mechanism can be carved from a single branch. Carve the ramped notches with minimal space from the 90-degree angle and the end of the stick. Bevel the ends of the “L” and “7” pieces to fit together better. Groove the opposite ends with an awl or carved knife tip to create a hole for cordage.

55.JPG

The toggle trigger is capable of holding an incredible amount of weight. It works well in various configurations, from a floating trigger pin to a staked version in the ground. Where the books have gotten it wrong in the past is showing an incredible amount of weight or force suspended with a toggle trigger on a set designed for an animal that can’t trigger it. The friction between the two notched ramps can be alleviated by either working the beveled notches to points or by using a round twig as a “roller bearing.”

The toggle trigger can be used for either snaring traps or for crushing traps. One easily constructed trap set is built with a rock suspended over the head of an animal, funneled into an area where one end of the toggle is attached to an attractant or bait an animal will tug on. When the toggle is released, the rock suspended above falls on top of the animal’s head.

Pros: Easy concept to grasp

Cons: Can stick without “roller bearing”

Twitch Up

52.JPG

Above: The classic twitch up works with a baited stick. When the prey disturbs the trigger stick, the toggle releases and the snare catches around the animal’s neck, neck and front leg(s), body, or leg(s) alone. Note the “Y” twigs propping the snare loop open. 

A classic snare trap trigger is the twitch up. This type of trap trigger can exploit natural forks in root systems, or carved forks can be pounded into the ground along game trails. The twitch up is very sensitive and can be scaled to any size to catch a chipmunk or an alien predator with dreadlocks by the leg. In case you’re wondering, this is the one you’d use to lift a person upside down by the ankle like they do in the movies.

53.JPG

Pound a forked stick into the ground, with the same type of serrations described for the goal post. This forked stick needs to be secure enough to hold the force of the counterweight, and there needs to be enough room between the crotch of the fork and the ground for the trigger pin to clear. The trigger pin can be fashioned from a smooth piece of hardwood, bone, or antler. You can taper it like a cone, debark it, and round it so it slips with the greatest ease. Attach the trigger pin to the counterweight with strong cordage, and attach the snare to the trigger pin as well. Pull the trigger pin through the forked stick and align the broad end with the end of the fork facing upward.

Above: Key chain split rings work well to redirect the pull from a counterweight with minimal drag. Logs work well as lifting weights in the woods and cinder blocks do the same in urban environments. With enough weight, a lifting trap can be scaled up for man-sized prey.

There’ll be tension against the fork, and the trigger pin will want to pull through the fork. To prevent this, place a horizontal stick between the two tines of the fork and the tapered end of the trigger pin. The horizontal stick can be tweaked to have a minimum amount of surface area touching it. This will increase the sensitivity. Place the loop of the snare under the baited horizontal bar and prop it up with small forked twigs. When the prey disturbs the baited horizontal bar, the trigger pin will release and the counterweight or bent sapling will pull the snare tight around one of the legs and lift the animal upward.

Pros: Extremely sensitive trap, adaptable to any size prey

Cons: May not react if parts are incorrectly sized and mismatched

Platform Twitch Up

34.JPG

Above: The platform twitch up snare setup requires no bait and fires when the prey steps foot on the platform. The twitch up pulls taut around the prey’s leg and holds under the tension from the counterweight.

While the traditional twitch up is an effective and easy-to-make trigger mechanism, it relies on the prey eating from a baited stick. To increase the odds of success for this trap, a platform can be constructed over it. In this configuration, when an animal steps on the platform, the snare closes around the leg. This can be accomplished as easily as placing perpendicular sticks or a solid flat object like a piece of bark, wooden plank, or hard-ribbed leaves across the horizontal stick.

38.JPG

With more surface area, there’s a greater chance to set off the trap. Unfortunately, this platform is more easily detected as it has a larger profile than the single horizontal stick used in a basic twitch up. A good trade-off is to make multiple snare loops for a prey to step in. Also, instead of creating a flat platform, alternating branches can be placed over the horizontal stick to resemble a “rooftop” platform.

37.JPG

Pros: Greater surface area for greater triggering effect

Cons: Larger footprint means easier recognition by prey

Universal Trapping/Snaring Best Practices

1. Funneling: Using branches, rocks, and logs, create a funnel that forces your prey into your trap. If you can’t bait your trap, funneling draws an animal into a setup they otherwise would attempt to avoid.

2. Multiple Traps: Trapping works best on the principle of the more, the better. A single snare covering a rabbit hole may pay off, but multiple overlapping snares will increase your odds. The same concept goes for crushing traps — a minimum of six should be set with the expectation that just one will be effective.

3. Watch Your Eyes and Fingers: Whenever you’re setting a trap, there’s a possibility you’ll accidently trigger it. Eye injuries or crushed fingers can happen. Respect your traps and what they can do.

4. Check Frequently: Traps can be triggered inadvertently, and a trap that isn’t set won’t catch anything. Traps can be blown over by the wind, or they might just wound an animal, allowing it to possibly escape before you return. Traps should be checked every four to eight hours.

Squirrel

5. Dispatch Safely: Ideally, snares will wrap a loop around an animal’s neck and either snap the spine or strangle it. Ideal is rarely the case, and snares can sometimes catch an animal around the head and shoulder, around the trunk, or around one or both of the rear legs. If you catch an animal that’s still squirming in a trap, you need a way to dispatch it humanely. A good forked stick will help pin it down or against a tree. A baton strike or .22 to the head will do the rest.

6. Reset Traps: Animals are creatures of habit, and the instincts that drew the first animal to the trap you set may lead others there too. If your trap isn’t mangled from the first kill, reset it and check it later.

7. Baiting Traps: Baiting traps will improve your odds. Scavenged mushrooms, berries, nuts, and animal guts can be harvested in the wild depending on the usual diet is the animal you’re trying to trap. You can also sacrifice some trail mix or a small bit of an energy bar to bait your traps.

Conclusion

All of these trap triggers have their quirks and nuances to make them more sensitive and effective. Our photos show the basic traps without the clutter of “fencing” that funnels the animal in. This will increase the effectiveness of the trap. Of course, you could have the best trap in the world, but if it isn’t in the right spot, it won’t matter and you’ll end up hungry. Don’t try to half-ass your approach to game getting. If you’re willing to learn how to make the traps to catch game, learn where your dinner lives, its habits, and the knowledge from seasoned trappers, you’ll be able to bring dinner to you rather than you tracking it down.

About the Author

Kevin Estela has been a professional survival instructor since 2007 first at the Wilderness Learning Center as lead instructor and then with his own company, Estela Wilderness Education. Kevin is a ranked associate level instructor in Sayoc Kali, a purple belt in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu under Sifu Chris Smith, and an avid firearms marksman and shooter. When not teaching outdoor skills, he’s a full-time high school history teacher and founder of the Estela Wilderness Education Fund. Follow him on Instagram/twitter @Estelawilded or www.facebook.com/estelawildernesseducation

More From Issue 30

Don’t miss essential survival insights—sign up for Recoil Offgrid's free newsletter today!

Read articles from the next issue of Recoil Offgrid: Issue 31

Read articles from the previous issue of Recoil Offgrid: Issue 29

Check out our other publications on the web: Recoil | Gun Digest | Blade | RecoilTV | RECOILtv (YouTube)

Editor's Note: This article has been modified from its original version for the web.


All Washed Up: How to Make Soap from Scratch

Hygiene is an important part of any survival scenario, especially the long-term situations. Without the ability to clean your hands and body, skin infections and the transmission of bacteria and pathogens are increased. As a survival-minded individual, you’ll probably have a knee-jerk reaction to the realization that cleanliness is a survival priority; and that reaction is probably to go buy a case of soap. There’s nothing wrong with that.

Soap can last for decades, if you store it out of the reach of rodents (yes, mice and rats love to eat it). But there’s more to self-reliance than just storing the goods that someone else made. The truly independent will learn how to make things for themselves as well. In the event that you don’t have access to off-the-shelf soap, you can take a page out of the pioneer playbook and make your own.

soap pieces on gray background

Let’s start with a little history and a bit of chemistry. We get the word “soap” from the Latin word “sapo,” though the invention of this slippery substance predates the Roman Empire. The oldest known soap formula was scribed on a clay tablet in Babylon over 4,000 years ago, and it was a simple mixture of water, alkali, and cassia oil. Over the centuries, cultures around the globe discovered that most oils and fats make an effective soap base, and that many different alkaline substances can turn that fat into soap. We’re still performing this minor alchemy today, when we mix up our own soap.

During the process of saponification, the fat is raised to the right temperature (for that type of oil), and mixed with the right amount of alkaline fluid. As it’s stirred, the soap will thicken and hydrolyze into “salts of fatty acids,” with a few other things present. Once it cools, hardens, and ages a bit, your soap is ready to perform its job, namely mixing with water to remove dirt and oils from our bodies and possessions.

It must’ve seemed like some kind of magic to our ancestors. Fat doesn’t mix with water, but soap does, and soap is made from fat. Soap also has an almost magnetic pull on dirt and oil. There are many different kinds of soaps you can make. By using olive oil, you can make Castile soap, renowned for its mildness. You could make an abrasive soap by mixing a little sand or powdered pumice with your batch. Or you can make granny’s lard and lye soap — a slightly stinky soap with mighty cleansing powers. Here’s what you’ll need to make your own homemade soap from animal fat and lye.

DSC_7222.JPG

Above: Be sure you keep soap making supplies separate from any items used for cooking. They should not be used interchangeably.

Safety First!

Go back and watch Fight Club again. Not for fun, but for educational purposes this time. Pay close attention to the scene where lye is eating away at the protagonist’s hand. Commit that to memory, as well as these handy safety tips!

  • Wear disposable gloves and safety goggles while working with your soap, particularly when working with lye crystals and lye water.
  • Keep an open bottle of vinegar close at hand in case of lye spills. This acidic liquid will help to neutralize the alkaline lye.
  • Keep children and pets out of your soap-making area (they should never be underfoot, especially when the lye water is sitting there cooling).
  • Never mix hot water with your lye crystals. It may splatter lye on you!
  • Only mix your lye water in a glass container that can handle heat (a Pyrex measuring cup is best, as it can handle high heat and has a pour spout).
  • Don’t mix lye water in metal containers, especially aluminum.
  • If you refused to wear your safety goggles and got lye water or soap slurry in your eyes, flush them with copious amounts of water and call 911. Don’t rinse the eyes with vinegar.
  • Make sure that everything you use in making lye soap is labeled and never used for food purposes again.
Since you'll be working with caustic materials, eye protection and gloves are a must.

Since you'll be working with caustic materials, eye protection and gloves are a must.

Assemble Your Supplies

Safety should always be your top concern in the quest for soap, so never forget that you are working with some very caustic materials and residue. If you’re even thinking about soap making, you’ll want to get some gear that serves no other purpose. Don’t use your good measuring cups or the family soup pot for soap. Get some gear exclusively for soap making, label it, and store it together (not scattered through your kitchen).

The Hardware: You’ll need a stainless steel cooking pot (stainless doesn’t react with lye), a large spoon, a Pyrex measuring cup (because it can handle high heat), gloves, goggles, a scale that can register down to 1/10th of an ounce, a thermometer (a meat thermometer works well), plus something to pour your soap into that’ll act as a mold to shape the soap. This could be a non-stick baking sheet, if you want to cut the soap into flat bars. Or it could be round plastic cups, for disk-shaped bars. You could also buy soap molds, in virtually any shape you can imagine.

DSC_7240.JPG

The Ingredients: For the recipe enclosed here, you’ll need rendered animal fat (this is lard; never use chunks of raw fat right off the animal). You’ll also need a container of pure lye crystals (sodium hydroxide). This is found at hardware stores and some craft suppliers (such as www.bulkapothecary.com). Finally, you’ll need some clean water and some vinegar. The vinegar will not be used in the recipe. It’s simply kept nearby with the lid open as a counteragent to the caustic lye (it’s like a fire extinguisher for alkaline burns); it can be any kind of vinegar (distilled, apple cider, etc.).

Get To Work!

Since the Industrial Revolution, soap went from a rough and ugly homemade cleanser made of wood ashes and leftover grease to a sweet-scented store-bought grocery item — and why wouldn’t it? Buying affordably priced soap from a merchant saved our great-great-great-grandparents a lot of time. Soap making stopped in many families, and soon this homespun knowhow was lost. But thanks to a resurgence of interest in homemade products, the modern DIY movement has resurrected this arcane process and brought it back from oblivion.

Set Up For Safety: Soap is made by mixing together an emulsion of lye water and fat, creating the chemical reaction known as saponification. It’s important to note that strong lye is very caustic and capable of burning the skin and blinding you (think acid burns, but on the other end of the pH spectrum. Ever seen Fight Club?). Before you start making soap, the first thing you should get out is a jug of vinegar and take the lid off. Keep this on standby to pour over your skin, in the event that you spill any lye water on yourself or anyone else. You’ll also want to organize all of your containers and materials, then put on your gloves and goggles.

DSC_7347.JPG

Measure Precisely: In the days of yore, people would pour rainwater through wood ashes to leach out the lye that naturally occurs in ash. This can still be done, of course, but how will you know how strong the lye will be? You won’t. So for more controlled results in soap making, visit your local hardware or craft store and purchase some lye crystals to add to your preparedness stockpile. It’s a good drain cleaner, and an even better soap maker. You’ll need exactly 2.2 ounces of commercial lye for our recipe.

With gloves and goggles donned, dissolve the lye crystals into 3.5 ounces of cold water in your heat-resistant Pyrex measuring cup. Set the cup on a surface that’s not harmed by heat. As the lye mixes with water, it’ll have a strong exothermic reaction (releasing heat). You should mix these in a well-ventilated space and let the lye water cool on its own. The lye and water mixture will become cloudy and make the container very hot to the touch. While the lye is heating up and then cooling down, you’ll also want to measure out exactly 1 pound of rendered lard (from the creature of your choice).

DSC_7363.JPG

Start Cooking: About 45 minutes after mixing the lye crystals and water, place your lard in the pot and begin to melt it over a low heat. Most fats work well enough when heated to 120 degrees F (see our list for specific fats). Allow the lye water to cool down to about 85 degrees F before proceeding (this will be about an hour after mixing).

Mix Things Up: Once the lard has reached 120 degrees F and the lye water has cooled to 85 degrees F, slowly stir the lye water into the warm melted lard using a large plastic or wooden spoon. Keep stirring (in the same direction) until you have a thick, milkshake-looking slurry. This change of texture can happen in minutes or it can take longer, depending on the fats, lards, and oils used. Whatever happens, keep stirring until your fat has had a texture change. This motion is need for saponification. When you’re satisfied that it’s well mixed and has transformed into a new substance, pour the soap slurry into molds or onto a pan to cool. For optimal results, insulate the soap slurry so that it cools very slowly. For example, you could wrap a dry towel around your molds.

DSC_7369.JPG

Above: Anything from ice trays to muffin tins can be used as soap molds. It's up to you what size and shape you'd like to create.

Add Some Age: The soap will harden as it cools (unless you really messed it up), but it’s not ready to use right away. After a few days of hardening and drying, it should still be soft enough to cut a “loaf” or pan of soap into flat bars (don’t wait weeks to cut it; the soap will become very hard). There’s one final step in this type of soap making. You still have to age the soap. Let it sit in a cool dry place for a few weeks to cure. Try washing your hands with a bar after one month. If your skin feels slimy or tingly, rinse your skin with vinegar to neutralize the soap, and age the soap a few more weeks. Then enjoy it!

DSC_7388.JPG

Saponification Temperatures

 

Soap is made by blending the right amount of alkali solution into a compatible quantity and type of fat. When there’s too much fat in the mix, the soap is greasy and ineffective. And when there’s too much alkali solution, the soap is too harsh. Getting the correct ratio of these two substances is critical, and so is the temperature at which they are blended. You’ll need to heat your oils so that they are clear, not cloudy (but don’t overheat them, either). Instead of using our general temperature guideline of 120 degrees F for all types of lard and oil, bring these particular fats to these specific temperatures for the best results.

  • Olive oil: 100º F
  • Vegetable oil: 110º F
  • Goose fat: 115º F
  • Bear fat: 115º F
  • Pork lard: 120º F
  • Sheep fat: 125º F
  • Beef lard: 130º F
  • Deer fat: 130º F

DSC_7254.JPG

Conclusion

If you go back into history, many families were self-reliant out of necessity, rather than choice. And in that time, they combined spare fat (when you had enough fat to spare) and lye made from rainwater that had run through wood ashes. The elders who had been making soap for a lifetime could tell the strength the lye by the speed at which the ashy liquid ate away at a feather or how high a potato would float in the solution.

DSC_7275.JPG

They could also tell the heat of the fat by sticking a finger in it, and whether the slurry had changed to soap by tasting it! (Don’t try those last two.) These folks knew how to stretch their supplies and make what they needed — a powerful role model for preppers. Today, making soap can be a fun home hobby, and it can even be a gateway into prepping for people who aren’t sure about stockpiling beans and bullets. With what you know now, a little fat, some lye, and a bit of elbow grease, you’ll never run out of soap again.

About the Author

Tim MacWelch has been a survival instructor for more than 20 years, training people from all walks of life, including members from all branches of U.S. Armed Forces, the State Department, DOD and DOJ personnel. He’s a frequent public speaker for preparedness groups and events. He’s also the author of three New York Times-bestselling survival books, and the new Ultimate Bushcraft Survival Manual. When he’s not teaching survival or writing about it, MacWelch lives a self-reliant lifestyle with his family in Virginia. Check out his wide range of hands-on training courses open
to the public.

More From Issue 30

Don’t miss essential survival insights—sign up for Recoil Offgrid's free newsletter today!

Read articles from the next issue of Recoil Offgrid: Issue 31

Read articles from the previous issue of Recoil Offgrid: Issue 29

Check out our other publications on the web: Recoil | Gun Digest | Blade | RecoilTV | RECOILtv (YouTube)

Editor's Note: This article has been modified from its original version for the web.


Review: Klim Arsenal Vest

The market for purpose-built survival gear is substantial and, it seems, growing by the day. From bracelets to backpacks, the “prep” or “survival” gear industry has taken on a life of its own. More often than not, we lean toward the right-tool-for-the-job philosophy: Buy a piece of kit that’s designed from the ground up to do what you need it to. If you need a vest or chest rig or assault pack to hold your bug-out gear, the natural choice would be to purchase from a company that specializes in that kind of equipment. But that’s not to say there isn’t good and effective crossover between end users.

Klim Arsenal Vest review pack hiking backpacking endurance racing survival prepping 9

Above: The hydration pocket also accommodates stripped-down MREs or other trail food, and the tool pouch fit our first-aid kit perfectly.

That brings us to the topic of this story — the Klim Arsenal vest. Klim doesn’t produce anything specifically for the tactical, EDC, prepper or survival markets. In fact, their bread-and-butter lies in the high-performance motorsports user group. Snowmobilers, motorcyclists, and off-roaders are likely familiar with their line of technical apparel. But how well do these hobbies reflect the needs of us looking to stay ready in a turbulent world? The answer, in our experience with the Arsenal, is “better than we expected.” The Arsenal vest was specifically designed for endurance motorcycle racers. When compared against the average citizen looking to stay prepared, both groups look for a couple of the same key factors when they shop for gear: high-quality construction, the ability to stand up to long-term use in varied conditions, ample storage space in an efficient and compact configuration, versatility in load carriage and employment, comfort, and ease of use.

Klim Arsenal Vest review pack hiking backpacking endurance racing survival prepping 1

What’s it Do?

The Arsenal vest was designed for motorcyclists who spend long hours in the saddle as an alternate option to backpacks and on-bike storage for essentials like water, fuel, and tools. To the author, the layout is similar to an ALICE system LBV (Load Bearing Vest) from way back when, before the military put everything in modular pouches. The Arsenal features three large pouches on the front, with three more on the back, plus a small detachable kit that’s meant to be used specifically for wrenches and tools. It comes with its own hydration bladder and tube topped with a bite-valve. The areas of the vest not covered by pouches are nylon mesh, which provides good ventilation and trims a little bit of weight. The front closes with fastex-style buckles, and the each side has three adjustment straps, so sizing is just about universal, with fit being completely customizable to what your situation requires.

Klim Arsenal Vest review pack hiking backpacking endurance racing survival prepping 8

Above: The front pouches of the Arsenal are sized for any number of survival sundries.

Those of you crossing rugged terrain in hot climates may want it cinched tight to the body while anybody packing the Arsenal into blizzard conditions can loosen the vest to fit over multiple layers of cold-weather clothing. The front pouches have nylon webbing in a large grid pattern over them. It’s definitely not MOLLE spec in terms of spacing. But if you have a need to add pouches to the Arsenal, it’s possible. You can also use this webbing to weave fishing line or 550-cord through. The Arsenal is available in two color schemes: a geometric mash-up of dark gray shades that definitely doesn’t qualify as camouflage and, new for 2019, a pseudo-khaki with orange accents and white mesh. This may be a good or bad thing. Both of these options are very un-tactical. In fact, our test sample was literally gray — which may fit right into your low-visibility look. But if the rest of your equipment is coyote brown or MultiCam, perhaps the khaki version makes more fashion sense.

Klim Arsenal Vest review pack hiking backpacking endurance racing survival prepping 2

Above: The Arsenal vest includes a hydration bladder standard.

How Well Does it Do?

We ran the Arsenal in a two-day Weaponize The Senses class with Greenside Training, as well as on several weekend hiking adventures. Weaponize The Senses is a curriculum that focuses on tracking animals and humans alike over rough terrain. We moved nearly 10 miles on foot over the course of two days, wearing the Arsenal vest for most of that movement. Moving through brush and cactus across Arizona border country in August was probably the best test we could come up with for the Arsenal’s mesh ventilation. The vest performed well and kept us as cool as possible, given the conditions. The other thing we noticed was how evenly the weight was distributed while moving. Typically, in a class like this we’d use a patrol or assault-style pack. While we’re used to long walks with heavy packs, the Arsenal saved us a ton of shoulder and back pain after our Greenside class.

Klim Arsenal Vest review pack hiking backpacking endurance racing survival prepping 7

Above: We found the Arsenal to be comfortable in a variety of climate conditions.

Repurposing the motorcycle racing pockets turned out to be fairly easy. The hydration pocket in the back also fit two stripped-down MREs. That pocket is flanked by two long, narrow zipper pouches that were originally intended for spare fuel bottles. We figured out that we could carry two additional 1-liter bottles of water. In a long-term survival/camping situation, small bottles of fuel for lanterns or camp stoves also fit perfectly. Rolled up flags or signal panels, blankets, balled-up socks or underwear and toiletries could also be stowed in these pockets. The detachable tool kit also straps to the back of the vest. If you have generators, dirt bikes, or ATVs incorporated into your bug-out plan, having some tools on hand would be a wise decision. If you don’t need hand tools, you can convert the detachable tool pouch into a standalone kit for anything from medical supplies to signaling to fire-starting.

On the front of the vest, there are three large square pockets for storage — two low and one high. The two low ones each have a built-in holster for small- to medium-sized handguns. It’s a semi-universal pocket-style holster that you have to Velcro your handgun into. But it’s there in case it’s an option you want to use for a backup gun or survival pistol. Wearing a full vest may inhibit your ability to wear a proper belt holster, so the built-in holsters could be a less-than-optimal alternate to that. Aside from a pistol, the front pockets are general purpose, and can be stuffed with anything you desire. Food, boo boo-fixing supplies, small GPS units, sat phones, knives, multitools, and trapping/fishing supplies all fit. Smaller binoculars, thermals, night vision, or other optics can be made to fit as well. The bottom line is that the Arsenal vest is your blank slate to load out in whatever fashion fits your environment and preparedness plan. It’s lightweight, comfortable, and offers a significant amount of cargo space.

Does it Stack Up?

Klim Arsenal Vest review pack hiking backpacking endurance racing survival prepping 10

Since Klim isn’t a tactical or survival equipment company, there aren’t really any direct competitors in the prepping space, but there are a few similar options that stand pretty close. The Arsenal’s MSRP is $190. The aforementioned military LBV can be found for about 10 percent of that price, however, those vests are usually old, tattered, and the pockets are sized specifically for AR-style rifle magazines, with no storage on the back — severely limiting your load capacity. When you expand your horizons to include new-design load bearing vests from reputable manufacturers, the Arsenal quickly becomes one of the most economical options. Many of the purpose-built “tactical” load-bearing vests can run well past $300 and, by our research, don’t offer anything significantly different from the Arsenal. While it may not have been built as a survival product, it absolutely stands up to the rigors of that duty. If you’re looking for a reasonably priced, well-constructed, and comfortable piece of kit for load-bearing purposes, the Arsenal is worth your time and possibly even your money.

Klim Arsenal Vest Specifications

MSRP
$190

URL
www.klim.com

More From Issue 30

Don’t miss essential survival insights—sign up for Recoil Offgrid's free newsletter today!

Read articles from the next issue of Recoil Offgrid: Issue 31

Read articles from the previous issue of Recoil Offgrid: Issue 29

Check out our other publications on the web: Recoil | Gun Digest | Blade | RecoilTV | RECOILtv (YouTube)

Editor's Note: This article has been modified from its original version for the web.


Young Hunters: Tips for Teaching Kids to Hunt

Caution: Hunting regulations and ordinances apply to the manner in which all game animals are taken. It’s up to the reader to research hunting regulations that apply in your particular situation. Among other things, the use of silencers, the type and caliber of ammunition, and the magazine capacity of your firearm may be regulated by federal, state, or local laws.

We each have our own reasons for wanting to hunt instead of buying meat at the grocery store. For many of us, those reasons are values that we take pride in passing down to the next generation. But teaching a kid a new task, especially one as serious as taking an animal’s life, can be as stressful as it is rewarding for all involved.

We’re going to break down how to prepare your child for their first hunt. And much of that same preparation can be used for any first-time hunter. The anticipation of a first hunt can be nerve-racking, but with proper planning, your child will be confident to pull the trigger. These lessons come from my experiences with my daughter; all kids are different, so don’t take our specific example as a be-all and end-all.

Teaching kids hunting young hunter meat food guns rifle survival prepping 4

Always Safety First

You can half-ass a lot in parenting, but you can’t half-ass firearms safety. Be truthful about firearms; they’re meant to kill and can be dangerous. If you already hunt, your child has probably already seen a firearm in person, in your home. Either way, start an education session without the gun in the room. Ask questions to see what your child already knows about firearms. Having an open conversation with your child about guns removes the mystery and is empowering to the child.

Next, teach the four main rules of firearms safety:

  • Always treat every firearm as if it were loaded.
  • Keep the muzzle pointed in a safe direction.
  • Keep your finger off the trigger until you’re ready to shoot.
  • Positively identify your target and know what’s in front of and behind it.

After the initial information session, bring out the unloaded firearm you plan to use for your child’s hunt. Show your child the gun is unloaded; have him or her visually inspect the chamber after you. Now explain the parts of the gun and how each piece works. With the unloaded gun, while observing all the safety rules, have your child handle the rifle to understand how to use it. The goal is for your child to be able to tell you how that gun works and the safety rules before you’ve even gone to the range or brought ammunition near the gun.

Teaching kids hunting young hunter meat food guns rifle survival prepping 5

Above: Hunter Education may not be mandatory in your state, but it will educate your child about firearms safety and how to be a better hunter. If you watch over your kid’s shoulder, you’ll likely learn something from the courses, too.

Being your child’s first teacher about firearms safety is imperative so they know they can always ask you questions. But in preparation for hunting, your child should take a hunter education course. There are several courses offered online, tailored to your specific state; for example, we’ve used HunterCourse.com and Hunter-Ed.com. These state-approved online courses make it possible for your child to get a hunting license. The courses are thorough and teach everything from types of hunting weapons to laws and regulations. At the end of the course, your child will need to pass an exam in order to receive their hunter education card. Even though hunter education isn’t required in some instances for minors, we still recommend completing the course — it’s great information and your child won't have to complete it as an adult when they want to hunt. As an adult, most states require proof of hunter education certification in order to get a hunting license.

Mental Preparation

Learning that your young animal-loving child has decided they want to shoot a deer is surprising. Some children want to mimic their parents and don’t fully understand what hunting is. Be honest and tell your child every detail, even the gross stuff, that comes along with hunting. Make sure they comprehend what they’re asking to do.

Explain why you hunt, such as knowing where your food comes from, the joy of being in the woods, or to bond with family. There are countless reasons why we hunt — talk about them with your child so he or she can have a greater appreciation and understand the hunt isn’t only about the kill.

Teaching kids hunting young hunter meat food guns rifle survival prepping 6

Above: We cover a lot of topics in this article to help your child become a successful hunter, but it’s your duty to make sure you and your child are compliant with state and federal laws. For example, some states have minimum caliber restrictions for big game, ban the use of suppressors, and limit how many rounds can be in the rifle. Be sure to thoroughly read the laws for the area you’re hunting.

If you’re hunting whitetail deer, show your child pictures of whitetail deer. Using animal anatomy diagrams, explain what a kill shot is and where to aim. From there, have them look at deer presenting in multiple ways; in other words, show them pictures of deer facing different directions, and have them point to where the aiming point would be in relation to the animal’s orientation.

Sometimes animals don’t die immediately from one shot. In those situations, you may need to track the animal and shoot it again. Explain this to your child. The fear of making a bad shot is stressful for many hunters. Explain that it’s the hunter’s job to take the most ethical shot possible and to end the animal’s life as quickly and painlessly as possible. Be honest that the deer may not be dead when you walk up to it; it may be making heart-wrenching sounds. But assure your child that you’ll handle this if this happens. Your child could take a poor shot, and you’ll need to step up to finish the job because your child will likely be overwhelmed with emotion. Explaining all of this is for your child’s mental preparation. In a perfect case, a heart or double-lung shot will be made, and the animal won't suffer.

The hunt doesn’t end after pulling the trigger. If your child wants to hunt, tell him he’ll have to help with cleaning the animal, as well. This is where we opted to show our daughter pictures of dead deer and videos on how to clean a deer. We told her she wouldn’t be expected to know how to do it, but she at least had to be there to help and gain knowledge of how to clean a deer. Soon after our daughter’s first hunt, we used that deer meat for a meal and told the family she had provided meat for supper; it was a proud moment for everyone.

Practice

Now it’s time to hit the range. Make sure your child has the needed equipment, including eye pro, ear pro, hunting clothes, etc. Most rifles aren't child-sized, but can be accommodated to fit. When your child gets behind the gun, and you explain eye relief and body positioning, if he or she can’t see through the scope, understand that you may need to fit the gun to him or her.

Teaching kids hunting young hunter meat food guns rifle survival prepping 3

Above: The hunt is more fun than the kill. Even when a hunt doesn’t result in meat on the table, it still makes for priceless memories with your child.

If the rifle doesn’t fit your child, look for ways to adjust the length of pull, eye relief, and cheek weld. Many modern hunting rifles have pieces that can be removed from the buttstock to adjust the length of pull. For eye relief, you can move the scope back in the rings or move the whole scope mount if possible. A consistent cheek weld is important because it'll ensure your child looks through the scope the same way each time. If you don’t have a rifle with an adjustable cheek piece, there are aftermarket cheek pieces that you can attach to it. Or you can just go old school and tape foam on the buttstock. All of these possible adjustments are another reason why AR platform rifles can be a great first rifle for a child to use for hunting. AR platform rifles allow for endless adjustment options that are quick and easy — so much so that you could use the same rifle by just extending the collapsible buttstock.

Resist the urge to gun up for your child’s hunt. You don’t need a large caliber to take down an animal. You need good shot placement and quality hunting ammunition. A rifle with a lot of recoil isn’t fun for anyone to shoot and will likely discourage your child from wanting to hunt. In most cases, your child can have a successful whitetail hunt using a .223 Remington or .243 Winchester and hunting ammunition.

Once you’ve confirmed zero and had your child confirm zero, it’s time to practice shooting from different distances and different positions. Shooting from different distances will help your child understand bullet drop compensation and will help you assess their capabilities. For example, start at 50 yards, shooting at an 8-inch piece of steel or paper target. After you see your child can consistently hit the 8-inch plate at 50 yards, go back another 50 yards and repeat the process. This practice session should be fun and should give your child a lot of trigger time to understand what a good sight picture looks like and how to reduce the wobble zone. When we did this with our daughter, we went all the way back to 200 yards. Realistically, we didn’t expect our 9-year-old would shoot a deer at 200 yards, but she was having fun shooting and doing it well, so the practice session continued. If she couldn’t have consistently hit the 8-inch plate at 100 yards, we would’ve known her capability was 50 yards and not allowed her to take a farther shot.

Teaching kids hunting young hunter meat food guns rifle survival prepping 2

Above: Hunting with a suppressor has many benefits:

  1. Negates the need for hearing protection when you’re trying to be sneaky in the woods; you can hear everything, including each other.
  2. Decreases the chances of anticipating the shot and jerking the trigger due to the loud noise from the rifle.
  3. Reduces recoil of the rifle.

How and where you’re hunting dictates the position you'll be shooting from. Shooting from the prone position, laid-out flat on your belly, is stable and excellent for learning marksmanship fundamentals, but terrain and obstacles dictate that prone shooting is rarely used when hunting. So, practice positions you're likely to encounter. For example, if you’ll be seated, in a blind, and using a tripod, practice that. If you’ll be walking through the woods and plan to set up, practice setting up with tripod or bags quickly with your child. These are dry runs for the main event.

Determine each of your roles for the hunt. Both of you should be scanning for deer; the easy way to do this is to give your child half of the area to scan while you scan the other half. Explain that your child’s main job is to listen to you and pull the trigger when they believe they have a good shot. You should range the animal with a rangefinder, tell your child what the holdover (if any) should be, and adjust the elevation turret for her. The only thing on her mind should be to get the crosshairs in the kill zone and make a clean shot.

Alison deer.jpg

Above: Assisting in the whole process helps your child fully understand where meat comes from.

Day of the Hunt

Kids might have unrealistic expectations and think a big buck will walk out immediately. Help them understand that some hunts end without even seeing a deer all day. Because kids need a little more than adults, as far as entertainment and food, starting in a blind is ideal. Hunting from a blind allows your child to move around without startling wildlife. Definitely bring extra snacks and water for the day ­— the extra roominess of a blind helps. Make sure both you and your child have comfortable chairs to sit in. When you get into the blind, set the gun up and have your child practice shooting positions before it’s time to take the critical shot.

When one of you spots a deer, both of your heart rates will skyrocket. Just breathe and go through the motions just like you both had practiced. Range the deer and determine if it’s at a distance your child could take an ethical shot. From there, have him quietly and quickly get set up behind the rifle. Tell them to wait until it’s a good shot, with minimal wobble, and to go ahead and pull the trigger when ready. These seconds may feel like an eternity while he’s looking through the scope and you’re looking through binos. When they take the shot, you should try to spot where the deer was or wasn’t hit. Your next steps will be determined on the shot.

Teaching kids hunting young hunter meat food guns rifle survival prepping 1

For the sake of this article, we’ll assume all of that practice and preparation resulted in a clean shot and the animal fell close to where it was shot. You and your child will be emotional and excited — let it happen and savor the memory. Tell them you’re going to wait a few minutes before going out to get the deer; this is so it has time to die. Large animals can take a few minutes to bleed out, and even the nerves firing can be alarming to the child. So enjoy 20 more minutes in the blind, take pictures of his or her shooting position, praise them for their hard work, and make this moment special.

When you walk up to the deer, you should have the rifle in-hand, loaded, and on safe. If for any reason the deer isn’t dead, you’ll need to act quickly to dispatch it. When you find the deer is dead, unload the rifle and start your steps for either field dressing or hauling it back to where you plan to process it.

Life Lessons

Teaching a child to hunt is rewarding for you and your child. It’s a lesson they'll keep with them forever. Hopefully, you’ve helped spawn the next generation of hunters. But if not, you’ve at least provided him or her with the knowledge to hunt for their own meal if survival becomes a necessity.

More From Issue 30

Don’t miss essential survival insights—sign up for Recoil Offgrid's free newsletter today!

Read articles from the next issue of Recoil Offgrid: Issue 31

Read articles from the previous issue of Recoil Offgrid: Issue 29

Check out our other publications on the web: Recoil | Gun Digest | Blade | RecoilTV | RECOILtv (YouTube)

Editor's Note: This article has been modified from its original version for the web.