Infographic: Prepare for Ransomware Attacks

If you've ever gotten locked out of your car, home, or office building, you'll no doubt be familiar with the feelings of frustration and helplessness as you try in vain to get back in. It's maddening to be unable to access your own belongings, and embarrassing to pay out of pocket for an expensive locksmith service or spare set of keys. Now imagine the added frustration if you weren't locked out due to your own negligence — instead, a masked malicious individual forcefully kicked you out, then stood just inside the door, taunting you and demanding a ransom. In the digital world, this is known as a ransomware attack.

Ransomware cyber crime computer tech virus backup data 1

The WannaCry ransomware attack affected an estimated 300,000 computers in May 2017.

Ransomware is a growing threat, and this comes as no surprise to security professionals — it's an effective method for unscrupulous cyber-criminals to make a quick buck. These attackers gain access to your computer through a compromised web link, email attachment, or even a USB thumb drive. Once the ransomware payload is unleashed, many or all of the files on your electronic device are locked and encrypted, and a message with ransom details is displayed on-screen.

Usually, the anonymous attackers demand payment through BitCoin or another difficult-to-trace currency, and promise to restore your data only if you comply with their demands within a limited time frame. But you never know if they're telling the truth — they're already breaking numerous laws and holding your files hostage.

The following infographic from online data backup service BackBlaze.com provides more information on ransomware attacks and how they spread. Click here to download a full-size version.

Ransomware cyber crime computer tech virus backup data 3Ransomware cyber crime computer tech virus backup data 4Ransomware cyber crime computer tech virus backup data 5Ransomware cyber crime computer tech virus backup data 6Ransomware cyber crime computer tech virus backup data 7

Take the last section with a grain of salt, since it's unsurprising that a cloud backup service provider would highly recommend cloud backup as a preventative measure against ransomware. However, it's true that the best way to prepare for a ransomware attack is to backup your data early, often, and off-site. Directly-connected local backups such as external hard drives will likely be infected if they're plugged into your device at the time of the attack, so you may want to keep them unplugged when they're not in use. For more information, refer to our previous article on Surviving a Digital Apocalypse Through Backups.


Grady Powell Spotlight – A Dose of Reality

On television, we're used to seeing Grady Powell face-off against the Earth and elements in far-flung locales, but meeting him stateside, it's clear the man is at home in any environment our planet offers.

If there's one thing Powell embraces when it comes to survival and prepping, it's practicality. He's ready to deal with life as it comes, no matter where it attacks — on the side of an Andean mountain, on a stretch of I-80 between Denver and Omaha, or on the sidewalk near his apartment in St. Louis.

His is a healthy regard for danger that lurks in everyday life, but it doesn't stray into paranoia. Instead, his prepper wheels turn below the surface. Sure, his Ford F-150 FX4 is permanently stocked with a sizable bug-out kit, and he's rarely without a sidearm, but the core of his prepper toolbox isn't gear or skills, but his survival mindset.

He could've been born with this strong survival drive, it could come from his upbringing, or maybe it's something that surfaced during his time serving in the U.S. Army's Special Forces.

In high school, Powell learned about the role of the Special Forces in the Vietnam War. He recognized the signature Green Beret these elite soldiers wore as something he discovered in his father's closet as a kid.

“That's when I found out that my dad used to be a badass back in Vietnam,” Powell says. “He was a Green Beret with 5th Group.”

Years later, with the Global War on Terror in full swing, Powell gave up after three semesters of a full ride scholarship to the University of Missouri and enlisted in the Army. “My heart wasn't in it,” says Powell. “What I wanted to do was go join the war effort and put the hurt on some bad guys.”

He made his decision, dropped out of school, signed his enlistment contract, and told his parents. Based on his enlistment test scores, the recruiters tried to persuade him to join the 18x program. It's a direct path from the street into the Special Forces (S.F.). But Powell initially demurred, citing the desire to earn the Green Beret by rising through the ranks.

“I'm stubborn as sh*t. I'm pretty proud of my decision,” remembers Powell. “I said, ‘You know what, I appreciate it, but that's not me. I want to earn it. I want to do it that way, I know what it means.'”

He was approached by the S.F. liaison team a few times and after consulting with his father, took the 18x route, a path that put him through some of the best, and most practical, survival training the U.S. government offers. He served two combat tours as a Green Beret in Iraq and Mali before landing roles as a television survivalist on Stars Earn Stripes, Ultimate Survival Alaska, and Dual Survivor.

When it comes to his role and fame as a TV survivalist, he's caught in the middle. Like treating an addict with a little bit of the drug, Powell tries to walk the line between giving his television show producers the drama they want while trying to stay true to the tenants of effective survival craft. It's not easy, and Powell understands his role to date on the screen is more about motivating than educating viewers. So, he plays along and uses his confessional time to deliver a get-off-the-couch message.

He's more than just a pretty face with a trendy top-knot (he told us his show producers dictated his haircut in order “to be with the times”). We talked to Powell on the phone before meeting up with him in St. Louis. In person, the man is gregarious, free of guile, and devoid of pretense.

Grady-Powell

Interview

RECOIL OFFGRID: How did your military career begin? Was the S.F. selection and training difficult?

Grady Powell: I ended up blowing my knee out and had to go through a longer selection. Man, I've done training with broken bones. I had MRSA twice. But it was all about just the will to succeed. My mindset is that you'll never know what you're capable of until you do something you can't.

That's something that went through my mind every single day. ‘I can't do this; something's going wrong; I've got a broken bone; I can't make it up that last hill.' Well, f*ck that. If I say I can't, I won't. So I started thinking positively and challenging myself. I'll never succeed or never get further in life if I don't start challenging myself and making myself fail in order to succeed.

Where does that drive to succeed come from? Is it rooted in your survival drive?

GP: One of the courses we go through is SERE school — survival, evasion, resistance, escape. That's where I found more of my survival mentality.

Any situation I've gotten into, whether it's on a TV show or when I put myself out in the woods, the mentality is finding a way to get home. It isn't always about building a fire with sticks. It's about finding in your heart and in your mind what reason you have to drive on.

Did you have an experience that awakened, or allowed you to recognize, some deep internal drive to survive?

GP: I didn't have any personal event that I had to dig deep for aside from the survival school. I saw guys break, and it was just a school. But I think the turning point for me was when I realized that anything is absolutely possible if you put your mind to it and you have that will to survive. It's illustrated in Nick Rowe's book Five Years to Freedom about his time in a POW camp.

He said if you're captive, find something to celebrate every day. You find a crumb, a piece of bread on the floor; you find a way to make that the best thing that happened. Find the best of every situation. It even goes back to my family motto, it's Welsh, ‘Edrych i fynw,' It means looking up or always optimistic, regardless of the situation.

Is survival a mindset or a skillset?

GP: I think mindset's far more important. People want the gear. They want to be the cool guy. They want the neat new contraption to make fire. That's not going to get you home. That's one thing that I didn't like about the TV shows I've been in; they are about backyard survivalists. They're not actual survivalists.

They are going and looking at books, getting some cool gear. Those things are necessary, it is necessary to practice that kind of survival. But survival is a mindset, before it's a skillset or some gear you need.

How important is leadership and team building in survival situations?

GP: That's one thing that I really do like about having been a Green Beret. One of our main objectives was to build armies with people who sometimes didn't speak our language. Sometimes they didn't even like us. We were able to work with any kind of person to get to a common goal.

In my survival mentality, I bring that along. I don't know where I'll be or who'll be around when sh*t hits the fan. Organizing is about working with anyone in any situation. It's a little bit too easy and unrealistic to only practice a survival plan with people who are 100-precent like-minded preppers.

Is kindness a strength or a weakness?

GP: That can go either way. I'll put it this way — never start a fight, always finish it.

You worked with Chris Kyle on a show. Did you become friends?

GP: Chris Kyle was, hands down, one of the best dudes I've ever known. He inspired me to be a better veteran. He found in himself a place to help himself get over the issues he was dealing with by helping other people. That ultimately ended up being his demise. But it didn't matter who they were, or what they were going through, Chris was going to try to help them out, because he knew exactly what it felt like. He'd gone through it himself.

Funny guy, super genuine. Exactly who he portrayed himself to be … The first time I met him, I didn't know who he was. I knew who Chris Kyle was, but it didn't click. I was just hanging out with this f*cking hillbilly from Texas until somebody else was like, “Dude, you know who that is?”

Grady-Powell-02

How'd you end up working together?

GP: Right after I got out of the military, I bought a one-way ticket to Europe. I didn't want to become a statistic and be the guy who deals poorly with post-traumatic stress. My way of dealing with it was to buy a one-way ticket to Europe, backpack for a while, and go until I was happy again.

When I was in Germany I got the call to do my first TV show. I said no. Long story short, ended up saying yeah. Chris and I were competing against each other on an NBC show called Stars and Stripes. It was a military-based competition series where celebrities got paired up with ex-special operations soldiers. We competed in these military-style obstacle courses and mock missions. I actually ended up beating his ass.

What about doing one of those prissy pair-up shows when you have to help some debutante survive?

GP: Yeah, no way. That's not about surviving, it's about the drama. I'm like, ‘Don't talk about it, be about it.' I could sit back and make a bunch of money from shows like Dual Survival, sitting around and spinning sticks. But that doesn't teach anybody anything. I want to teach people real, actual skills and the mindset that comes along with it.

Ultimate Survival Alaska was a fun race, but there was a lot of produced crap on it. In Dual Survival, yes I did everything you see but it's produced and that is not real survival; that's backyard survival. You're taking skills that are necessary, but glamorizing them and just making a silly show of it. Survival is a mindset.

I want to show people there's a way to dig deep inside yourself. People talk about the mind being the strongest muscle in your body; it's absolutely true. Your muscles will quit before your mind does. And your mind can push your muscles a little bit further.

Are survival shows education or entertainment?

GP: A lot of it is entertainment. But if it inspires people to get up and do something, that's what I'm all about. I spend a lot of time in front of a camera trying to express my mindset. But, I know a lot of people are there just for the 45 minutes of watching somebody suck in the woods.

Survival is not exciting. Survival is saving up. The conservation of energy and getting back home or getting to a location. Because you have to be putting energy in that equals or is better than the energy you're putting out.

These shows can't follow me around for two weeks and watch me just walk at night or slowly build a shelter. What they want to see is the grand scheme right away. They want to see this wild hunt. They want to see me diving off a cliff, which I wouldn't do in a real survival situation. They want to see me build this crazy shelter that Robinson Crusoe would be proud of. So we do it, but I spend the energy doing it because I know I'm going to be getting out. It's not like I'm going to die. It's a TV show.

But, it's a catch-22 for me. I want people to be more interested in the lifestyle, but at the same time, I'm showing them bad habits.
It's the battle I've gone through quite a bit with producers. I always end up feeling like I kind of lost the fight because I try to be an honest person. Doing the TV stuff isn't about money for me, it's about the adventure and having a life story worth telling. My motto is you have one chance to write your story, make it one worth reading. I feel bad sometimes, because I feel like I'm portrayed as the guy who's giving people bad advice. But at least I'm getting to them a little bit? I don't know.

Were you a fan of survival TV shows? Did you watch them before you were in them?

GP: I did a bit. Mostly things like Bear Grylls. That's what I didn't want to do. I didn't want to be the guy drinking my own piss when there's a f*cking creek right down the way. Every show I've been on, some producer's always trying to get me to drink my piss. And I tell them to f*ck off. They just want that stupid excitement that is completely empty, and it doesn't do anything for the end viewer.

So I think, yeah survival shows are fun. They're informational at times. But I want real. We're talking reality TV, then make it real, man.

What most shows don't show is all the downtime; the reality of survival where you're just sitting there doing nothing for a long time because you don't have the energy and you're waiting for the opportunity to go catch an animal. Because opportunity is key in survival. You don't want to pass up opportunity, but you also don't want to go waste your time looking for opportunity. If you don't know how long you'll be out there and you don't have water, yeah you're going to need to go get water. But you're not going to go running around trying to catch a f*cking cobra.

What threats do you prepare for?

GP: Mine are mostly human threats. I live downtown. I drive everywhere I go. I had a show down in Georgia, and I drove myself. So I'm on the road a lot. My car is always full of what I might need. When you talk about everyday carry stuff, my EDC isn't in my pockets, it's in my truck.

I don't go anywhere without a sidearm. Not necessarily going to tell everybody exactly what I have or where it is, but I'm prepared.

How can you tell someone's going to be a threat?

GP: It's mostly body language. You can pretty much look someone in the eye and know if they're going to be trouble. It doesn't happen so much to me, but I sit around and watch other people and how they're being reacted to. I'm a 6-foot-3-inch, 210-pound man walking with my chest out and my head up. People don't f*ck with me.

I see men and women these days making themselves into victims unknowingly by always being into their phones, or not being dressed to deal with a bad situation. I get it, you want to look sexy, but if you're going to be downtown in an area where somebody was shot not that long ago, you probably don't want to be wearing 6-inch stilettos. Even guys. It's tough to haul ass in a pair of ostrich cap loafers.

And it's not just about having a gun on you. It's about being able to know where to go in a bad situation. Do you know the exits? Can you run away from someone?

Is your body capable of handling that situation, or have you been chowing down on McGrits for the last 20 years?

Anyway, you asked how do I identify people as threats. Well, you'll see it. Good people with good intentions don't typically sit in shadowy areas with their hoods up. If somebody has good intentions, that's not where they're going to be. Just avoid those spots.

What's the difference between paranoia and vigilance?

GP: How each affects your life. Don't let it stop you from being the person you want to be. Or being the person you should be for your family. Don't let it keep you from being happy. Now, if being paranoid makes you happy, I don't really have anything for you.

If there was just one or two things that people needed to do to be physically prepared for a survival situation, what …

GP: Great abs. Great abs open doors for you. Kidding. So this is kind of embarrassing. When I got off the first show, I was asked to do a cover of Muscle and Body magazine that went out in every G&C across the state. I've never been an aesthetic lifter. I'm more about functionality. I was like, ‘Oh cool I'm going to be on the cover of a muscle mag.' Then the guy's article was literally “Grady Powell doesn't care what he looks like.” It was so bad, but it's true.

You get one body just like you get one life. Take care of it. I drink a lot of beer, I eat a lot of red meat. I eat what I want. But I can still pick my girlfriend up and carry her out of any situation. I can still run a mile as fast as I need to. I can sprint like a m*therf*cker. I can get to where I need to go, and I can hold my own in a fight.

If you are in a survival situation and you aren't close to home, or even if you are home and you need to get out, you won't necessarily have gas, or some form of transportation other than the Goodyears on your feet. So be able to walk with whatever gear you plan on carrying plus some extra weight.

Have you ever been mistaken for Matthew McConaughey?

GP: My girlfriend's going to laugh her ass off. Yes, but it was just the other day. This homeless guy at a gas station goes, “Hey yo, anybody ever tell you you look like a jacked-up Matthew McConaughey?” Oh thanks, bud. I usually get Jax Teller. That dude from Sons of Anarchy.

Grady Powell's Everyday Carry

Grady-Powell-Everyday-Carry

  • Ford F-150 FX4 key
  • Apartment keys
  • iPhone
  • Lighter
  • Cash and cards
  • Glock 43 in Blackhawk TecGrip IWB holster
  • His real EDC/Bugout Kit is in back of his truck

Bio Box

Grady-Powell-04

NAME
Grady Powell

AGE
30

OCCUPATION(S)
Firearms instructor, survivalist, TV host

BEST SUMMER JOB
“Ran an exterior painting company with a friend. I got paid to swing from roofs and paint homes.”

FAMILY
“Not married … yet. But, I was rescued by Bruce, my Dutch Shepherd mutt.”

HOMETOWN
“Born and raised in the middle of the map. St Louis, Missouri.”

EDUCATION
“Dropped a full ride to Mizzou to join the army. Best decision I ever made.”

MILITARY BACKGROUND
U.S. Army Special Forces (Green Beret)
Senior detachment weapons sergeant ODA 0313

FAVORITE QUOTE
“I live by two quotes, one to challenge myself, ‘You will never know what you are capable of until you do what you can't.' And one to inspire adventure, ‘We get one chance to write our story; make it one worth reading.'”

FAVORITE TV SHOW
Sons of Anarchy

FAVORITE FILM
Saving Private Ryan

LAST BOOK READ
Failing Forward

SCARS
“A scarless life was spent unchallenged. I f*cked up a lot.”

FAVORITE FIREARM
Glock 17

FAVORITE KNIFE
“Camillus DAGR. My own personal design.”

URL
www.facebook.com/thegradypowell

More From Issue 20

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Read articles from the next issue of Recoil Offgrid: Issue 21

Read articles from the previous issue of Recoil Offgrid: Issue 19

Check out our other publications on the web: Recoil | Gun Digest | Blade | RecoilTV | RECOILtv (YouTube)

Editor's Note: This article has been modified from its original version for the web.


SOFIC 2017: Top 3 Pieces of Special-Ops Survival Gear

The 2017 Special Operations Forces Industry Conference (SOFIC) is produced each year by the National Defense Industry Association (NDIA) and the United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM). It’s held in Tampa every year, since the USSOCOM is based in the same city at Macdill Air Force Base. The point of the conference is to allow the providers of Special-Operations-related technology and services to interact directly with their clients in various military units, and to ply their wares to entice new military contracts.

SOFIC began as a chance for service providers and manufacturers of weapons, gear, and vehicles to interact directly with USSOCOM representatives. This provides an opportunity for ground-level feedback and interactions between all parties. You’ll see generals slowly walking through the aisles with their aides by their sides, or sometimes being cornered by industry execs in suits or polo shirts. But you’ll also see soldiers, sailors, Marines and airmen by the hundreds lining up to hold the latest and greatest guns and gear.

SOFIC 2017 military lead photo 2

The show is a great chance to find products which are designed for teams operating in remote areas with virtually zero outside support. This also makes the show an excellent resource for survivalists looking for the next great gear that will give them a leg up. But members of the media are thoroughly vetted before obtaining credentials to take photos and video, so we were lucky to get a glimpse into this heavily-restricted event.

We saw all kinds of things we would love to spend our money on, but the following items really caught our attention. Read on for our top three pieces of survival gear from SOFIC 2017.

Mariner F-2-0 from Fluid Technology Solutions

SOFIC 2017 military water desalinator Fluid Technology 1-3

The Mariner desalinization system from Fluid Technology Solutions uses deceptively simple small plastic bags which can be submerged in saltwater. The bags use a semi-permeable plastic membrane which allows ingress of water and removes 97% of its salts using forward-osmosis technology. As the less-salty water interacts with the chemical compounds inside the bag over a period of several hours, it creates a high-calorie survival drink that is perfectly safe to consume.

SOFIC 2017 military water desalinator Fluid Technology 1

We loved it mostly for its simplicity — the ability to simply drop a bag into undrinkable water and 8 hours later obtain 480 calories of energy drink in potable water? That’s some kind of survivalist black magic right there. The Mariner system is currently being used in service by the United States Coast Guard, and we plan to have it packed and ready for our next blue water expedition as well.

Badger Tent from Catoma Outdoor

SOFIC 2017 Catoma Badger tent shelter 2-1

Although we haven’t been able to test it in the field yet, by all appearances the Badger Shelter from Catoma Outdoor looks like a great choice for a shelter and is small enough to pack into your bug-out bag. We were amazed by the way this double-wall tent, which looks so large and substantial once set up, could pack down into such a small space. It even weighs less than three pounds. The single-person shelter offers moisture protection with its built-in rain fly, and its center height of 27” gives you some room to sit up and move around without feeling like you’re stuffed into an anchovy can.

SOFIC 2017 Catoma Badger tent shelter 2

It packs down to a size of just 13” x 13” wide and 3.5” deep, and this isn’t just achievable in a lab. We actually watched them pack it down for us at the show, and couldn’t believe just how easy it was to take down. And when you pull it out of your pack, you can have your shelter set up in less than a minute. The 70-denier, 1.9-ounce ripstop nylon is flame-retardant and comes pre-treated with permethrin insect repellant to ward off would-be blood-suckers.

DART18 Backpack from 5.11 Tactical

SOFIC 2017 511 Tactical DART18 backpack 4

Across the street from the actual convention, in a hotel conference room with zero signage or advertising on the outside, we met with some of 5.11 Tactical’s crew at their “other booth” which is more like an executive suite stuffed with their gear. This room is an invitation-only gathering place with sofas, chairs, and coffee tables set up for high-profile individuals who need a low-profile haven to speak directly with the decision-makers at 5.11 Tactical.

We were able to sneak in between some of their meetings to lay hands on the newest gear, and also meet with their lead bag designer, Scott Lambert. Scott designed the Urban Casualty Response (UCR) Slingpack which is a specialized medic bag for mass shooting events inspired by Tactical Emergency Casualty Care (TECC) guidelines. He also designed the UCR IFAK Pouch, which with its bungee tie-downs has a place of honor mounted to the back of our vehicle headrests. In short, we’ve used enough of his gear that we felt like we knew Scott before we met him.

SOFIC 2017 511 Tactical DART18 backpack 6

His newest brainchild was hidden in a secret compartment underneath the coffee table. He glanced furtively around the room, making sure everyone present fell under the “trusted” column, and then pulled out his soon-to-be released DART18 backpack. The intent of this pack is to pick up where the company's COVRT18 left off. Basically, it's a CCW-focused pack that doesn’t look out of place at the grocery store. They also were responding to end-user feedback to bring the price point down to below $100.00.

The pack’s sleek exterior features trimmable labels, because not everyone needs to know you like guns and (probably) have one on you. The articulating strap anchor points also help the pack to fit a variety of torso shapes, ensuring that this pack will be more comfortable than what you’ve been accustomed to from 5.11. Last, the removable modular board insert will let you attach gear for a specific mission profile and then quickly swap out the board for another as your environment and requirements change.

SOFIC 2017 511 Tactical DART18 backpack 5

It’s funny — in talking to Scott, we learned about several other neat features he had wanted to incorporate, but didn’t make the cut in the effort to bring the price point down. Too often in the past we’ve complained about gear without thinking. “Why couldn’t they build it this way? They should have thought of this!” When in reality it’s very possible that the designer or the company did, in fact, think of exactly that, but couldn’t include it due to budget constraints. That’s why we laugh sometimes when companies make two- and three- and four-hundred dollar backpacks, trying to do everything possible to build the best bag and/or manufacture it in the USA to higher quality control standards, only to have users complain that the cost is crazy. It’s a game that sometimes manufacturers can win, and sometimes they can’t.

More Photos from SOFIC 2017

We wish we had space to mention every single one of the cool things we saw at SOFIC this year, but like some of these manufacturer booths, we sometimes just can’t squeeze in everything that ought to be there! Check out the gallery below of all the photos we took at SOFIC 2017, and follow @recoiloffgridmagazine on Instagram for more show coverage and cool new gear in the future.

[instagram-feed includewords="#SOFIC2017" instagram-feed showlikes=true instagram-feed disablemobile=true]

About the Author

Andrew Schrader is a licensed professional engineer and is certified by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers as an Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) Structures Specialist. His company, Recon Response Engineering LLC, advises state and federal government organizations on the subject of urban search and rescue and building collapse. He recently assisted the U.S. Department of State’s Italian Consulate in the development of their post-earthquake response and rescue protocol. You can follow him on Instagram at @reconresponse.


Poll: Axe, Saw, or Knife?

Ford versus Chevy, Mac versus PC, SIG versus Glock — humans have a tendency to form strong preferences for tools, often to the point of developing rivalries towards those on “the other team”. Just go on any popular social media site, and you'll see the keyboard commandos duking it out in defense of their various preferences.

At the end of the day, there's rarely a definitive right and wrong option between these pieces of gear. A lot of your choice in tools comes down to personal preference, your surrounding environment, and the way in which you use the item. However, it's still interesting to see how each team stacks up and read the justifications for these decisions — doing so might even lead you to reconsider your own position.

Ax to grind manual 03

Most survivalists would agree that a reliable cutting tool is one of the essential items in any emergency kit or bug-out bag. But there's less consensus on what form that tool should take. Some argue for a small bushcraft knife, a lightweight and flexible machete, or a heavy kukri or parang.

Others say an axe is the way to go, from a small pocket hatchet or tomahawk to a big woodsman's chopper. Finally, there are those who prefer a saw, either a folding model, a fixed saw, or a chain/cable/wire friction saw. Then there are the various combinations and pairings of these items. Some would even carry all three items, but all that extra pack weight had better be justified.

Tools for Survival - Saw

So, where do you stand on the issue? What cutting tools are currently included in your survival gear? Answer the poll below, and feel free to justify your choice in the comments section. If you carry multiples of the same tool (i.e. a small folding knife and a large machete) or some other cutting tool entirely (tin snips, scissors, bolt cutters, etc.) let us know about that in the comments, too.


Fuel Expiration: How to Keep Your Bug-Out Vehicle Running

We love a good post-apocalyptic movie or TV show, but the vast majority of these Hollywood creations prioritize flashy visuals and entertainment factor over realism. That's somewhat understandable, since watching the protagonist roar through the deserted streets on a chopper draws in a bigger audience, and money is the name of the game. However, one of our pet peeves with this genre is the way they overlook a virtually-unavoidable problem in a long-term survival situation: fuel expiration.

While this makes for great entertainment, it's not exactly realistic.

Mad Max: Fury Road makes for great entertainment… but it's *a wee bit* unrealistic. (Photo: Warner Bros.)

Problem number one: in a major nationwide or worldwide crisis, fuel production and distribution will cease. If the proverbial fire and brimstone is raining down from the sky, Steve the local tanker truck driver is going to stop making his rounds to the gas stations and go find his family. (It's OK Steve, we'd do the same.) If the disaster is big enough, ports, shipping lines, and refineries will also grind to a halt. That means no new fuel will be produced or distributed.

Sorry “The Walking Dead” fans, this Hyundai would likely sputter to a stop less than a year after SHTF....

If the only fuel that's available is sitting idly in the tanks of vehicles, gas stations, and regional storage facilities, we'll run into problem number two pretty quickly. Most vehicle fuels have a limited shelf life, and when there's a finite supply of new fuel, it's a matter of time until the volatile fuel expires. Generally, modern ethanol-blended E10 gasoline will last 3 to 6 months, depending on how it's stored and the tolerances of the equipment it's being used in. Diesel (or biodiesel made from cooking oil) is a little better, with a 6 to 12 month shelf life.

After this time, fuels will form gum, varnish, and oxidized deposits, which may clog filters, injectors, and lines. Condensation may also cause water buildup in the fuel, reducing its potency and causing misfires or knocking. It may even cause rust in the system, which can break off particles and be a real nightmare to clean. You can check for fuel expiration in a number of ways:

  • Look at the color. Old fuel turns dark brown as impurities form.
  • Waft a little of the fumes toward your nose and smell them. If it smells sour, it may be expired.
  • Use a test swab from an auto parts or hardware store. These strips can detect the presence of water and contaminants.

The last thing you want is to try to fire up your engine and bug out, only to find it won't start.

Oil Pumps

So, now that we know fuel will eventually expire, what can you do to stop it? Unfortunately, it's impossible to permanently prevent fuel expiration, but you can slow down the degradation process with the following steps.

  • Obtain ethanol-free gasoline, which has a shelf life of many years, since it has less tendency to attract water. Small cans of stabilized ethanol-free fuel are also available for 2-cycle and 4-cycle engines — while these won't be practical for keeping a car running, they would be a good option for small generators, chainsaws, or even motorcycles.
    Ethanol free fuel gasoline bugout shtf survival preparedness
  • Store your fuel in a purpose-built air-tight container. Contact with oxygen, moisture, or certain metals can cause it to degrade faster.
  • Keep your fuel in a cool and dark environment. Heat accelerates degradation.
  • Fill tanks to the top to keep excess air pockets away from the fuel. A half-full tank will form condensation quickly.
  • Top off with a little fresh fuel when possible, if you manage to find some that has been properly stored and stabilized.
    broken-down-car
  • Mix in a anti-oxidant fuel stabilizer before storing your fuel. This reduces the rate of oxidation and can double or triple shelf life (12 to 15 months for regular gas).
  • Use an older vehicle that's less sensitive to poor-quality fuel. Modern fuel injection systems can become clogged easily by particulate.
  • Convert your vehicle to run on used vegetable oil. This fuel source is plentiful, and you can gather it easily while other survivors fight over the remaining gasoline.

Pemmican: The Original Protein Bar

Walk into any grocery store or outdoor gear shop, and you'll see a smorgasbord of granola bars, protein bars, seasoned beef jerky, energy gels, and other calorie-dense travel-ready snacks. But that wasn't always the case. Hundreds of years before the dawn of the supermarket, compact calorie-dense survival food was hard to come by. There were no Power Bars or Clif Bars — if you wanted portable food, you probably had to make your own, or buy it from a trader who knew how to do so.

Pemmican meat survival food berries fat protein 2

Pemmican, as shown in the video below, is an extremely dense calorie-rich food source.

Pemmican could be called the original protein bar. It originated from Native American tradition, and was widely used by early American trappers, fur traders, and explorers. It was usually composed of two or three simple ingredients: dried powdered meat, animal fat, and (sometimes) dried berries.

Pemmican meat survival food berries fat protein 3

Pemmican typically started out with a bison, deer, or elk, but beef, fish, and other meats can also be used. The meat was cut into thin strips against the grain, dried out over a fire, and pounded into a fine powder. An equal quantity of fat was melted and added to the powdered meat, creating a thick mixture. Dried berries could also be added for additional nutrients, though this wasn't always done. Once the mixture dried, it could be stored for 10 years or more, as long as it remained in a sealed container in cool and dry conditions.

Pemmican meat survival food berries fat protein 1

Pemmican equates to about 2,000 calories per pound, and it's unsurprisingly high in fat and protein. It can be eaten cold (though some may consider it gritty and unpleasant), heated in a frying pan, or boiled into a stew along with wild vegetables and biscuits or flour — this was called a rubaboo (roob-uh-boo).

In the video below, 18th-century historical YouTube channel Jas. Townsend and Son, Inc. discusses the origins and core components of pemmican. Don't be put off by the period-correct colonial apparel, the information in this video series is extremely informative, even in today's modern context.

Subsequent videos in this series show how to produce pemmican, how to cook it into rubaboo stew, and how to make rousseau (pemmican hash) in a frying pan. The channel also features videos on pemmican storage and potential additions to spice up your pemmican. If you're interested in these topics, check out Jas. Townsend and Son's other videos. There's lots of good primitive and semi-primitive survival info to be found on this historically-oriented channel.


A Survivalist’s Guide to Rucking

Running isn't a bad workout; it just isn't the only workout, as some would lead you to believe. Cardiovascular exercise and preparing for the fight go hand in hand.

But running on its own doesn't build muscle or develop functional strength. Running in nothing more than skimpy shorts with a fanny pack of electrolyte goo won't prepare you for SHTF. You need an exercise that'll test your power, endurance, and cargo-carrying capacity.

This workout, of course, is ruck marching. Whether you prefer to go at it alone or wish to seek out a training group to motivate you, ruck marching (or “rucking”) is a growing trend you should be consider joining.

Long before health-minded folks used weighted packs for exercise, soldiers carried rucksacks into the field and backpackers carried frame packs up mountains. In recent years, rucking has grown exponentially as a health trend. You'll find individuals and groups around the country storming down trails, urban landscapes, and sidewalks under heavy pack in the name of fitness. Leading the charge is a company called GoRuck. It's spearheaded the movement with its own line of packs, dedicated group equipment, and organized events nationwide.

Today, the numbers continue to grow and are led by fitness fanatics who've abandoned traditional running for a workout with a much greater health-benefit yield.

Science

Walking burns more calories than sitting. Running burns more calories than walking. And rucking burns the most calories of the trio at an approximate rate of three times that of walking.

How? Add weight to your back and you build strength in your shoulders and core. Add weight to your legs and you increase the work necessary to move you, improving your cardiovascular output.

Opinions vary as to the magic number of workout minutes needed to burn fat. Assuming it's around 30, give or take, rucking with a weighted pack will help keep the heart rate up with far less impact on the bones and joints than running.

Also, since rucking taps into different muscles, folks who can't run 30-plus minutes on end may find rucking easier while accomplishing similar goals. Even accomplished runners will find they're sore the next morning (and especially two days later) after a good rucking session. It simply works the body in a way running can't. The weight of the ruck requires the wearer to tap into stabilizing muscle groups in the torso and legs.

It's a true full-body workout.

Rucking Types

The Basics: While any weight will work, most supplemental pack weights are dedicated plates meant for competition and training and makeshift weights made from bags of sand and duct-taped bricks. Bricks can be abrasive on packs and need to be wrapped in duct tape. Those who don't will get nicknamed “raw dog.” We'll pass.

Tape your bricks before loading them in your ruck, lest you want a shredded pack.

Tape your bricks before loading them in your ruck, lest you want a shredded pack.

For official events, participants under 150 pounds generally carry four bricks and those over 150 pounds haul six. For the individual not bound by competition rules, a good rule of thumb is to begin with approximately 10 to 20 percent of your bodyweight. To more closely mimic reality, carrying true hard armor plates and ammo cans will let the “survival athlete” know how they'll perform in a real-life situation.

Group/Team Rucking: The group dynamic of a ruck cannot be denied. Peer pressure, as well as the pressure from elite Special Forces cadre who lead the GoRuck events, help runners push through pain. A group usually travels only as fast as the slowest rucker, and generally there's a team burden to bear. Depending on the fitness level of the participant, group ruck marches can last hours or even days.

If this level of organization is too much commitment for you, informal partnerships between two or more ruckers will ensure someone is watching your back and vice versa.

Beyond Rucking: Most any bodyweight workout can be enhanced with the use of a ruck. These workouts don't require much space and allow the athlete to train in place. Pull-ups, dips, and pushups take on a new dimension when the added resistance of a weighted pack is incorporated. Squats, lunges, and calf raises will work the lower body relative to the amount of weight stuffed in the rucksack.

Weighted ruck dips

Weighted ruck dips

Weighted ruck push-ups

Weighted ruck push-ups

Even crunches with the pack clutched to the chest, leg raises with the ruck squeezed at the calves, and planks can be used to work the core and stabilizing muscles. For those who have never tried resistance training with anything other than a barbell, using a weighted bag requires more frequent stabilizing. This added resistance burns more calories.

Deep lunges with weighted ruck

Deep lunges with weighted ruck

Farmer carry with 5-gallon buckets for cross-training

Farmer carry with 5-gallon buckets for cross-training

How to Prep

Note Your Baseline: Before you strike off on a ruck march, you should consult a physician if you're unsure about your health. Also, it's advisable to determine your baseline resting heart rate as well as your maximum heart rate. Rucking can be a tough workout, and you should know how to monitor your pulse to achieve the fat loss or muscle building beats per minute needed formula to achieve your goal.

Stay Visible: Rucking is done at all hours of the day. Plan on finding trails and pathways where you won't be struck by a car. For this reason, carrying a headlamp and signal panel will help drivers see you.

Pick It: While any pack can be worn during a ruck march, a durable well-fitting pack is best. Hip belts are non-existent on many rucks, as they interfere with what's worn on the belt. Looking to the experience of the military, this means waist belts are cut off to avoid obstructing holsters and blades. A ruck shouldn't shift unnecessarily when worn. A sternum strap will add support, but it must be worn just above the nipple line or the wearer risks being choked out by his ruck.

Test It: A good ruck must be comfortable to wear with significant weight inside. The ruck chosen should be tough as nails, as it may house objects that will abrade and damage lesser-quality designs. Padded and curved shoulder straps will help cushion the load and a good padded back panel will mitigate the sharp corners of taped bricks, armor plates, and dedicated weight panels.

Fit It: One other consideration in picking your pack is knowing how it fits your torso. The torso of a 6-foot man isn't the same size as a 5-foot female. Make sure your ruck fits before you exit the store, let alone strike off on the trail.

Benefits

Even those with a good running technique (landing mid-foot to forward instead of heel striking) will eventually feel the effects of running. It's jarring on the knees and the pounding takes its toll. Rucking works the body three times as hard as walking — even if you take the same exact trail — but has less impact on the human body. With rucking, since one foot remains on the ground when the stepping foot makes contact, less impact is felt than running where the athlete “catches” his weight with each stride.

The benefits of rucking extend far beyond the physical for the survivor. Anyone who has completed a set distance run (from 5K to full marathon) always remarks on their feeling of accomplishment. They were tested and finished the race. The same is true for rucking. If you never thought you could walk to safety or have what it takes to push on, rucking will give you the answer. Rucking is a safe dry run, giving you the mental strength and confidence if you really have to bug out.

“The mind is toughened through the body,” says Johnny Ray Vega, a rucker, Crossfitter, and fitness trainer. “Rucking allows you to tribally connect to likeminded individuals.”

Why Ruck?

Beach muscles aren't the same as functional muscles. The average fighter (soldier, police officer, martial artist) isn't built like the professional bodybuilders seen on stage. Rucking will give you muscle for function first, form second. It challenges the mind and the body, building abilities the survivor may need to tap into if the SHTF.

survivalist-guide-to-rucking-ruck-contents

Most runners run with nothing more than a house key, an identification card, and an MP3 player or smartphone. In a bug-out scenario, anyone caught with this minimalist load out won't last long. A more practical prepper on the run will have a pack with them. What they carry and how far they can carry it shouldn't be unknown factors. Ruck marching exposes the answers and prepares the survival athlete for hard times.

Source

GoRuck
www.goruck.com

Ruck Off Online

If you're looking for more information on ruck marches, we have exclusive content online. To learn what you should pack in your ruck and five common newbie mistakes to avoid, go to www.offgridweb.com/preparation/ruck-gear.

About the Author

Kevin Estela is the owner/head instructor of Estela Wilderness Education, a bushcraft and survival school in New England. He is a Sayoc Kali Associate Instructor, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu practitioner, and an avid marksman. As a “survival athlete” he can be found regularly testing his physical and mental limitations in the gym, woods, and urban landscape preparing for the fight.
www.kevinestela.com

More From Issue 20

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Read articles from the next issue of Recoil Offgrid: Issue 21

Read articles from the previous issue of Recoil Offgrid: Issue 19

Check out our other publications on the web: Recoil | Gun Digest | Blade | RecoilTV | RECOILtv (YouTube)

Editor's Note: This article has been modified from its original version for the web.


Infographic: The NASA Guide to Air-Filtering Plants

Home gardening is a useful skill for survivalists, since it can provide a renewable food source and improve nutrition during emergencies. If the shelves at the grocery store are suddenly picked bare, it's nice to have a long-lasting supply of fresh fruit and veggies. But plants shouldn't be seen only as a source of food — they have many other benefits. Some have medicinal properties, some provide valuable cordage, and many plants can improve morale and create a peaceful environment if you're stuck indoors for an extended period.

Air purifier plants NASA chemical infographic 6

Certain indoor plants, such as this peace lily, can naturally remove volatile organic compounds from the air.

On top of all this, there are a select few plants that have been proven to be effective at removing toxic agents from the air. Now, we know what some of you are thinking — this sounds like it could easily be a pseudo-scientific home remedy that's only creates a placebo effect. We certainly don't blame you, since there's a lot of nonsense on the internet about how cleansing crystals can magically heal your various ailments. However, in this case, there's actual scientific research to back up the claim of air-filtering plants.

In 1989, NASA published a study titled “Interior Landscape Plants for Indoor Air Pollution Abatement”. The study analyzed 12 plants and measured their ability to remove harmful chemicals such as benzene, formaldehyde, and trichloroethane from the air. The study found that “low-light-requiring houseplants, along with activated carbon plant filters, have demonstrated the potential for improving indoor air quality by removing trace organic pollutants from the air.”

This research was later continued by B.C. Wolverton, one of the scientists who conducted the original NASA study. The results listed a total of more than 30 plants which were effective at removing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from air.

The following infographic from LovetheGarden.com shows some of the most common and most effective indoor air-filtering plants, based on the research conducted in the studies above. Click here to download a full-size version.

Air purifier plants NASA chemical infographic 2Air purifier plants NASA chemical infographic 3Air purifier plants NASA chemical infographic 4


Video: Black Walnuts as a Survival Food

When it comes to survival food, many of us gravitate to the idea of hunting or fishing. While a big slab of meat sizzling over the fire is certainly an appealing prospect, actively catching food often requires significant preparation and substantial effort — that means carrying added gear, and burning calories to obtain more calories. In some cases, there are sources of food in your surrounding environment that won't put up a fight or escape your grasp. In these cases, you should consider foraging.

Black walnut trees can be found throughout most of the eastern United States. (Map via Wikipedia)

Sometimes, sources of food will be clear as day — a ripe ready-to-eat fruit dangling from a tree along your path, for example. In other cases, you'll want to be extremely cautious when foraging for wild edibles. Certain types of mushrooms can be deadly, and may closely resemble edible varieties. This is why it's wise to study and prepare yourself before you venture into the wilderness.

The brown walnut shells we're familiar with must be removed from the green fleshy husk.

In the following video, YouTube survivalist The Wooded Beardsman shows how to process wild black walnuts from tree to table. These walnuts are an incredibly calorie-dense food source, with 100 grams (about 3/4 cup) providing approximately 618 calories. They're also high in fat and protein, both important resources for energy-intensive survival situations. In his own words: “When [walnuts] are available, the survivalist — like a busy squirrel preparing for winter — should focus their efforts on collecting as many as possible before it's too late.”

As the Wooded Beardsman aptly notes, “making a living from wild food is a very time-consuming and labor-intensive endeavor.” But if you know where to look and learn how to process them, these black walnuts can be an incredibly valuable resource for survival.


Seth McGinn’s CanCooker

Anybody who stayed up too late in the mid-1980s remembers the cringe-worthy infomercial for the Showtime Rotisserie. This appliance cooked Flintstone-sized hunks of meat. Studio audience members bellowed like parrots, “Set it and forget it!” Seth McGinn's CanCooker makes the same type of claims, suited for cooks on the go.

Inspired by the meals cooked in a 10-gallon cream can and served to ranch hands on his grandparents' cattle farm in Nebraska, Seth McGinn wanted to replicate his childhood experience but had trouble finding a modern can that could handle the task. In 2009, he brought his own to market, allowing people to cook a lot of food with little effort.

Made from FDA-approved 1060 anodized aluminum, the CanCooker comes in three varieties: the 4-gallon Original, the 2-gallon CanCooker Jr., and the 4-gallon Bone Collector (which appears to offer nothing different than a dire name and a deer skull logo for a penny less than the Original). They're 10 inches in diameter, but the Jr. is 3 inches shorter than the 10-inch stature of the other two.

All three, however, offer the same benefits. CanCooker makes a complete meal in about 40 minutes and can work on any heat source: stovetops, grills, fryers, camp stoves, campfires, and the Multi-Fuel Portable Cooktop offered from the company. The CanCooker's insides are coated with a nonstick surface.

Food and Function

We reviewed the CanCooker Jr. Adventure Special kit, consisting of the CanCooker Jr. and a Multi-Fuel Portal Cooktop. Our sample kit also contained a small plank cutting board (normally sold separately for $18) and a couple examples of the seasonings. However, it didn't include the optional two-piece rack, so we felt obliged to purchase one for $14 since every recipe in the manual suggested it.

The Multi-Fuel Portable Cooktop is a single burner unit capable of 10,000-btu output and can be fueled by butane or propane. It's compact for a single-burner stove, but not entirely practical for bugging out. This is a basecamp stove, packaged with a hard-shell plastic case.

The concept of the CanCooker is simple. Put in the rack, dump in the food in a particular order (usually a bed of vegetables then meat on top), and add 12 ounces of a liquid (in our case, a Belgian ale). Clamp down the lid (which has a silicone gasket), and fire up the stove. Then walk away.

The CanCooker converts whatever liquids you put in there into steam, which thoroughly cooks the food. The concept of steam cooking started in the American Southwest about 7,000 years ago, and it's considered a healthy alternative to frying or other stove-top cooking methods that involve oils.

We were apprehensive to walk away from the stove while it was spouting steam like an old-timey locomotive, but as a watched pot never boils, 3 pounds of sausage, peppers, and onions never cooks. So that's what we did.

After 30 minutes of steaming and a 10-minute rest, everything was cooked to perfection. The sausage was moist and tender, and the seasonings had melted into the meat. The vegetables retained their full flavor and didn't absorb any from the sausage, while the Belgian ale provided a subtle crispness to the whole dish.

Overall

The CanCooker — especially the Jr. — would be perfect for an RV or a remote cabin where the fuel may not be reliable and you would have to use different sources. The CanCooker can be placed directly on burning coals if need be (though you'll stain the aluminum with soot). It's a convenient and versatile tool — not to mention that our 2-gallon version prepared enough food to feed more than a few people.

This, however, is by no means a cooking vessel one could take in a bug-out situation … or on a hiking trip … or anywhere where space is an issue. It's light, at 2.1 pounds, but cumbersome because of its girth (though it has a cinch sack). And forget its cooktop — we're sure you can find a much smaller portable stove that could fit inside the CanCooker, should you choose to pack it with your survival cache.

Still, it's a solidly constructed and well-designed piece of cookware, and it functions exactly as promised. We're still baffled by the Bone Collector version (and the penny savings) though. Maybe people steam bones they've collected. Frankly, we don't want to know. We'll stick with the sausage, thanks.

seth-mcginns-cancooker

Make & Model
Seth McGinn's CanCooker
CanCooker Jr. Adventure Special

Dimensions
7 by 10 inches

Weight
2.1 pounds

MSRP
$100

URL
www.cancooker.com

More From Issue 20

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Read articles from the next issue of Recoil Offgrid: Issue 21

Read articles from the previous issue of Recoil Offgrid: Issue 19

Check out our other publications on the web: Recoil | Gun Digest | Blade | RecoilTV | RECOILtv (YouTube)

Editor's Note: This article has been modified from its original version for the web.