How to Turn Your Spouse Into a Survivalist

We all have that special person in our life who just doesn't get it, right? They don't understand EDC, survival, or anything even remotely related to our lifestyle. It seems like they have no interest in learning, either. It's baffling at times to have a loved one repeatedly brush you off when you're trying to arm them with information that could potentially save their lives in a worst-case scenario. One would think that just watching the news would light a fire under their butts.

As a wife and mother, I can attest that nearly all women already think about worst-case scenarios. They're habitually the storyline of our nightmares and always lurking in the recesses of our minds when we're awake. So even with that innate sense of concern, why then aren't more women into survivalism?

Women are often afraid of confronting the issue because then they'll have to deal with it —hence, why some women don't want to talk about it at all. Ignorance is bliss? Fortunately, knowledge can combat fear.

how-to-turn-your-spouse-into-a-survivalist-bug-out-bags

From Adversary to Advocate

I'm not law enforcement or military, just a wife and a mother who happens to really enjoy learning and teaching survivalism and firearms. Having grown up in Alaska, I'm always mindful of personal protection. Whether you're camping, hunting, or just being vigilant of the state's drug and alcohol problems, you need to be aware or you could very well get killed.

Still, when I first got married, my husband was light-years ahead of me in this survival mindset. It seemed like the only things he wanted to talk about were everyday carry (EDC), firearms, and impending doom. This was a sore spot in our marriage until I bluntly told him that it scared me, and he needed to back off. Those conversations made me nauseous and left me wide awake at night.

Fortunately, my husband listened. He drastically reduced the amount of discussions about this topic, but did it in a way in which I could still ask questions. It took more than a year of processing this information before I was ready to dive in.

I liken it to learning how to drive a car. Sure, the excitement is there, but deep inside there's that inner voice that's terrified of getting in a wreck. Eventually everyone overcomes that hurdle and gains enough experience to make driving practically second nature. So, what changed? Knowledge. You learned how to operate that tool and became comfortable with it. Survivalism is the same way. The more knowledge one has on survival, the less daunting it becomes.

Converting Others

I've spent the last several years trying to get my close female friends and relatives interested in prepping and survivalism. It's been challenging to say the least. There's a certain fear or anxiety that women have when entering a role that's traditionally seen as a man's responsibility —providing the last line of defense for the family.

Here are five of the most common excuses I hear from women for not wanting to prep and train —and how to deal with them:

1. “Bad things will never happen to me.” I wish I could go back to this kind of naivete. Bad things can happen to anyone at any time. If you don't believe me, find a first-responder —they'd surely have many stories to change your mind. More than likely, this is something that ladies will have to come to grips with on their own terms.

2. “I already carry so many things, why add more?” What some women don't realize is that adding a few extra items to their purse, pockets, or diaper bag increases their survivability exponentially. A greater level of preparedness is worth a slightly larger or slightly heavier handbag. Fellas, you might need to go on a purse shopping trip —a win-win for both of you.

3. “I will never use those items.” That's great! Hopefully no one will need them, but it's better to have and not need, than to need and not have. EDC tools are much like a fire extinguisher or a firearm. There's no substitute for some of these tools in an emergency.

4. “It's the husband's job to protect the family.” Many women think this way, but what they fail to understand is that husbands can't protect them if they're not there. Of course, husbands want their wives to be safe and sometimes that comes in the form of harping about bug-out bags, concealed guns, and the right mindset. Instead, be patient. Rather than lecture her, offer her a chance to ask questions or send her to the appropriate courses.

5. “I'm too busy being a mom to think about survival.” Being a mom and/or a wife is tough sometimes. There's laundry, driving the kids, setting up play-dates, shopping, and the list goes on —not to mention our own careers. When a mother says, “Being a mom is my first priority,” she may not make the connection that the safety of the children also rests on her having the proper mindset, equipment, and training. Find a time where she isn't distracted to approach her with this information.

Mothers make natural preppers, as they have to ensure not only their own safety but also that of their children. Some extra gear and training, and the right mindset, can keep everyone safe.

Mothers make natural preppers, as they have to ensure not only their own safety but also that of their children. Some...

Training the Converts

If you've taken your time and eased up on the “sky is falling” tactics, there's a strong possibility you'll eventually seduce your significant other to the survivalism side. If she's ready to prep and start learning, here are some ways to keep her interested:

Keep the Criticism Constructive: If you want the lady in your life to dive into this world, don't make fun of her. There's no better way to turn her off than to ridicule her questions or concerns. We didn't grow up playing with G.I. Joe action figures or pretending to be cowboys and Indians. Most of us were given Barbies and baby dolls and groomed to be nurturers and caregivers. Keep the feedback positive and focused on improvement.

Don't Do it Yourself: Most women don't have that primal survivalist mentality, especially in the presence of their husbands or boyfriends. But if you split up the couple and the woman is put into the position of being the primary protector, her inner mama bear will come out. Oftentimes, she'll be just as fierce, if not more so, than her male counterpart. So, if you're a guy trying to teach your wife, it's often more effective to ask a trusted friend to do so instead. It's hard to go from equals as husband and wife to the power disparity of teacher and student. Better yet, sign her up with a reputable instructor or two who can teach her self-defense and survivalism.

Be an EDC Enabler: How do you get women to carry more survival tools with their EDC gear? Make it easy. My husband put together my first EDC kit. I can't say that I knew how to use everything at first, but over time I asked questions and started doing research. When my husband was deployed with the U.S. Army and I became the sole protector of our children, I used this time to practice. I was given the space to process all the information and soon saw how much it benefited me.

Don't Pink it and Shrink it: There isn't a lot of tactical or survival equipment made specifically for females, relatively speaking. So, we have to tweak some things and make do with others. Many companies think that by making their products pink and small that they become female friendly. That's just condescending. Don't automatically assume women want the fuchsia-colored go-bag. Instead, give her the opportunity to try out as many different models of gear as possible until she finds one to her liking.

Don't Convert the Diaper Bag: I've never been the kind of mom who just throws her wallet, phone, and keys into a diaper bag. I want a separate pack so I don't confuse a diaper bag with my EDC kit. In a dire situation, if I need to leave an area quickly with my kids, I can drop the diaper bag and replace its contents later.

The author and her husband, a U.S. Army paratrooper, practice some fire-starting techniques.

The author and her husband, a U.S. Army paratrooper, practice some fire-starting techniques.

The Sell Job

Getting the lady in your life into prepping isn't rocket science. It just has to make sense to her. Start slowly and present it in a way that shows your concern for her safety. She'll pick up on that. Perhaps start with a flashlight and a multitool. However, don't be that guy. You may be thinking it, but save your hard-core prepper what-if sessions for your guy friends (for now).

Also, don't be offended if she doesn't want to learn from you. After all, it's not easy to take someone seriously as an educator if you've already seen them in their birthday suit. Give your lady space to learn, ask questions, and process their journey to becoming a survivalist. Dont' scare her to death, she needs time to associate the correct response with each potential situation, which is proper EDC and mindset. Remember, knowledge always trumps fear.

About the Author

how-to-turn-your-spouse-into-a-survivalist-nila-rhoades

Nila Rhoades is originally from Alaska, but currently resides in Northern Colorado. She is the wife of a U.S. Army paratrooper and has two handsome boys. She has spent the last several years researching firearms, prepping, and survivalism, and now teaches other women how they can help their family survive a worst-case scenario. She also loves peanut butter ice cream.
www.milspecmom.com

Female EDC

how-to-turn-your-spouse-into-a-survivalist-female-edc-kit

Whether you're a woman looking to supplement your purse with more preparedness-minded accessories, or you're a man trying to figure out ways to entice your lady to get into the survival scene, looking at everyday carry (EDC) gear is one of the most concrete ways to show the value of readiness.

My EDC Kit

Here's a look at what I put in my Maxpedition Fatty Pouch, broken down by basic survival categories:

Water

  • Sawyer Mini Water Filtration System

Fire

  • Lighter
  • UST Little Sparkie Fire Starter
  • UST Wetfire Tinder

Shelter

  • Space blanket

Medical

  • QuikClot Combat
  • CAT tourniquet
  • Band-Aids

Food

  • Tuna pouch

Signaling Device

  • Signal mirror

Navigation

  • Compass

Hygiene

  • Hand sanitizer

Others

  • Duct tape
  • 225/550 paracord
  • Superglue
  • Chem light

My Purse

Aside from my EDC kit, I also carry a purse. (Hey, I'm a woman after all.) I keep a few items in the main compartments because of the frequency of use:

  • Leatherman Wave: a multitool for, well, multiple purposes
  • TerraLUX TT5: a tactical flashlight with a strike bezel and strobe option
  • Goal Zero solar panel: While I carry a wall charger and a portable charger, this is a redundant method of charging electronics —and redundancy is good in survival situations.

These products don't take up a lot of space. Sure, I wouldn't be able to stuff this gear in a clutch, but not many women I know do carry a clutch on a regular basis anyway.

Any purse can be a concealed carry purse (even one from Target, like mine), but there's one thing that it must have —a dedicated zipper pocket for those off chances that you might be carrying your firearm in your purse. It needs to have a pocket that nothing else goes in. Nearly all clothing and accessories can easily be tweaked to accommodate concealed firearm carry and EDC.

My CCW

My concealed carry weapon is a Glock 26. I love the simplicity of the Glock platform and because my husband's carry firearm is a Glock 17 we can interchange spare magazines. I carry my Glock 26 in an Antero Pistol Holster from Long's Shadow Holster. I've tried dozens of holsters, and this one is more comfortable and concealable for me than anything else I've found. It's slightly curved, so it hugs the curves of a woman's body. It won't fall off your pants and skid across the bathroom floor when you use the restroom either.

My Phone

I always have my phone in a pocket. It's easier to access if I need it. With it in my pocket I'm not rifling through my purse while walking to the grocery store. My eyes are up and on any potential threats, allies, cover, and concealment. Walking confidently and with full situational awareness makes me look like a harder target, too. After all, the best way to get out of a scary situation is to avoid it in the first place.

More From Issue 20

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Read articles from the next issue of Recoil Offgrid: Issue 21

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Editor's Note: This article has been modified from its original version for the web.


Infographic: Martial Law Guidelines in the Philippines

As survivalists, it's important to consider the possibility of a martial law situation, and what you might do if direct military control was imposed in your country. It may seem like an unlikely scenario, but observing unfolding crises in other nations can help us better prepare ourselves at home or abroad — take the Philippines for example.

If you've been keeping an eye on world news lately, you've likely heard about the battle that's currently raging there. The city of Marawi, located on the large southern island of Mindanao, has been under siege by militants known as the Maute group, a radical Islamist terrorist organization with apparent ties to Abu Sayyaf and ISIS. The Philippine military has clashed with the Maute group repeatedly since May 25th, reportedly killing as many as 89 of its members, but the remaining militants have reportedly taken civilian hostages, and the occupation of the city is ongoing.

Left: the island of Mindanao. Right: the city of Marawi, currently occupied by Islamist forces.

Left: the island of Mindanao in the Philippines. Right: the city of Marawi, currently occupied by Islamist forces.

In response to this terrorist group and the potential growth of the Islamic State in the Philippines, President Rodrigo Duterte recently declared martial law on the entire island of Mindanao. Reuters reported that Duterte may keep the region under military control for a year if necessary, and “wouldn't rule out placing the entire country under martial law if the threat of Islamic State spreads.”

So, what will the implementation of martial law look like in the Philippines? The leadership of the Philippine National Police (PNP) has issued a set of guidelines with the do's and don'ts of martial law. These official guidelines are summarized in the infographic below, which was created by Philippine news outlet ABS-CBN. Click here to download a full-size version of this infographic.

Martial law infographic military police philippines 1


VoltBike Yukon 750 – Bug-Out eBike

If you were to ask us about electric bikes 10 years ago, we likely would've just laughed. They looked downright silly, had pitiful range, and cost more than a motorcycle. Fast-forward a decade and technological advances have now made these oddities a viable mode of transportation — possibly even a bug-out vehicle.

As with any mode of transport, ebikes have their pros and cons. At this moment you're likely asking, “What about EMPs?” Unlike with a gas-fueled motorcycle, a bicycle-style electric bike can still be human powered, whether it has any juice in its battery or has been hit by an electromagnetic pulse. [See Issue 19 for our debut Debunked column, which tackles this very topic.] War, fire, flooding, and economic collapse are far more likely to shut down your wheels than an EMP. After all, these other things are happening daily around the world already. For the ebike haters out there, consider this: If you rig up some solar panels or your bug-out hideaway is set up for solar power, you'll have an almost unlimited fuel source for your ride.

Having said that, we reviewed a VoltBike to see if it can simultaneously be a cost-effective means of locomotion and a practical platform for bugging out.

Unlike conversions or purpose-built gasoline motorcycles, electric bikes make little sound. This means you can spirit yourself away and not draw the attention of the have-nots who want your supplies.

The Bike

Range: The VoltBike Yukon 750 uses a 750-watt Bafang motor to propel you up to 20 mph for about 25 miles on throttle-only mode. Under pedal assist you'll get closer to 50 miles. (Mileage will vary based on a rider's weight, cargo, and terrain.) These aren't stellar numbers if you're trying to flee a massive tropical storm. But they're more than adequate if you need to evacuate a city center to get to your hidden survival cache in the outskirts of suburbia.

The 750 watt Bafang hub motor.

The 750 watt Bafang hub motor.

Controls: Throttle mode controls the bike much like a motorcycle, while the nine levels of pedal assist adjusts to how fast you're peddling and uses the motor to give you that extra push. This allows you to go much further than you could on your own. It also means climbing hills or negotiating rocky terrain requires comparatively less effort. You most likely won't rocket up a steep incline on throttle only; some peddling will still be required. The bike comes set with levels 1 to 9, meaning that you'll always have some assist with the bike powered on. The manufacturer can help configure a level 0, providing you with speedometer and odometer readouts sans electric boost. (No word yet on whether the motor goes up to 11, though.)

Acceleration on a conventional bike can be slow because it depends on human leg power. However, on the Yukon, if you forget that you're on level 9 and begin pedaling, you could be caught off-guard and thrown off your electric steed. Make sure to heed manufacturer's instructions.

LCD control panel lets you pick one of nine levels of pedal assist, among other features.

LCD control panel lets you pick one of nine levels of pedal assist, among other features.

When navigating downhill, the Tektro Novela brakes cut power to the motor to assist in deceleration. These aren't hydraulic disc brakes, so applying them won't send you flying over the handlebars, but they still provide sufficient stopping power when you need them most.

Holding the “minus” key down on the pedal-assist controller gives you push assist — a great feature when walking the bike up a steep hill. At nighttime, holding the “plus” key down activates the screen's backlight and the bike's front light.

Power Plant: We were impressed with the battery (Sanyo UR18650ZY cells), which performed as advertised. Also, it has a USB charging port to boost small devices like a phone or GPS unit. However, the cover for the battery-charging port failed to stay closed. A screw-on cap would've been a better idea than the finicky small rubber plug. The battery can be removed with a key, letting you place it closer to a charging setup or swap it out with a fresh battery if you've purchased an extra.

While it's possible to rig up a DC charging system that'll draw from solar or other renewable sources, a factory charger that offers input regulation would be a boon for preppers.

Wouldn't it be nice to just plug this right into the solar panels for more juice on the run?

Suspension and Tires: Electric bikes don't always include shocks. VoltBike listened to customer input and outfitted every Yukon with a TGS T10 alloy suspension fork, which has 90 mm (3.54 inches) of vertical travel. Having front shocks, combined with the Kenda Juggernaut Pro fat tires, gives a comfortable ride while still providing excellent control. The advantage of fat tires is increased traction over terrain like snow and sand, which can be daunting for conventional vehicles let alone regular street bicycles.

Bug-Out Accessories

Seating Arrangement: A stock bicycle seat is analogous to the factory insole in most boots — it gets the job done, but there are far better options out there. The Yukon comes with a half-decent seat, but we opted to try out something considerably more ergonomic for long-term riding comfort. The Spiderflex seat we added has two individual butt cushions and leaves out the long nose in the center, which can cause a numb crotch after a long ride … and possibly erectile dysfunction after years of use.

The tradeoff with this type of nose-less saddle is the slight loss of steering precision when you might have to use one or no hands. But, hey, we're happy to give up that up as long as we don't have a numb nether region.

The author swapped out the stock seat for this ergonomic Spiderflex saddle.

The author swapped out the stock seat for this ergonomic Spiderflex saddle.

Cargo Storage: We sewed up a frame bag to hold our tools, Lezyne Micro Floor Drive pump, patch kit, and tire levers. The frame bag is dedicated entirely to what's needed to keep the bike running. We also added some Arkel Dry-Lites saddlebags on the rear rack, although we had to make two small tabs to attach the bags on the bike so they had something to hook into at the bottom. The VoltBike rack didn't include these, but a few minutes with a drill, grinder, and some files resulted in our own handmade adapters. There are commercial versions available, as well.

A bicycle isn't as roomy as an SUV, so any gear attached to the frame that isn't intended for bike maintenance is extraneous. And any gear you can't live without should be carried on your back. This may seem odd, until you have to ditch the bike and any gear attached.

On top of the rear rack sat a Grey Ghost Stealth Operator Pack. We tucked the straps into the hydration area, and then used the mouse trap-like hinge on the top of the rack to hold it in place. The bag runs into the seat post and requires grabbing the bag from the side to remove it. The top bag had a bigger tarp and some extra tools.

Staying Dry: The last things attached to the bike were some Beaver Guard mud guards. These were inexpensive, attached with zip ties, and very lightweight.

The only two concerns for this bug-out ebike when it comes to inclement weather are the sensors on the Wellgo pedals and the battery. On traditional bicycles, you wouldn't even bother glancing at the pedals after use. But on these, you might need to wipe them down occasionally to keep the sensors clear and in top survival shape. And, it goes without saying that you should avoid getting water on the battery. Some duct tape and a garbage bag can provide rain protection, although we plan to make a silnylon cover in the future.

The Verdict

Electric bikes aren't ideal for every prepper, particularly those with a family. It's kind of difficult to pedal while balancing a spouse, two kids, a dog, and three days of supplies on your back.

They're also heavy. Weighing two to three times that of your average mountain bike, you'll need to be able to hoist 60 to 70 pounds if your ebike can't clear larger obstacles like telephone poles downed by a storm.

And compared to a $100 Huffy, an electric bike's price tag will seem excessive. However, it's all about perspective and your personal needs. At almost $1,500 with flat-rate $70 shipping, the Yukon will seem like a great deal compared to other ebikes that easily cost twice as much. With models available in Canada and the United States, VoltBike has a direct-to-consumer approach that cuts out the middle man and the various profit margins associated with conventional sales methods.

Ebikes have come a long way since the turn of the millennium, and you'll surely see more in the near future. Depending on your bug-out strategy, these can be viable options to get you and your kit to safety on the road less traveled. Unlike rumbling Ford Raptors or noisy dual-sport bikes, the electric bicycle allows for a quiet escape strategy and a range limited only by the user's leg power. It's one of those things that you might laugh at … until you try it.

voltbike-yukon-750-ebike

Make
VoltBike

Model
Yukon 750

Motor
750-watt Bafang

Battery
Sanyo UR18650ZY cells

Weight
61 pounds

MSRP
$1,429

URL
www.voltbike.ca

About the Author

Ryan Houtekamer might be a close relative to yetis and sasquatches because he actually enjoyed winter exercises while in the Canadian Army. He works on the “why use an axe when you can push the tree over” philosophy. Born and raised in Canada, he lives in a small town that has more trails near it than people living in it.

Protect Your Noggin

Riding any kind of bike may seem mundane, but falling off could end your bug-out plans and quite possibly your life. The same thing goes for cruising through a path in the woods and taking a tree branch to the eye. A helmet and some eye protection are just as important as tires and handlebars, so speak to a reputable bike shop about options, test out some models, and find the ones that are right for you.

Essential Gear

An ebike's lack of cargo capacity can be boosted with panniers. The author rigged up some waterproof Arkel Dry-Lites saddlebags to hold his vital gear.

An ebike's lack of cargo capacity can be boosted with panniers. The author rigged up some waterproof Arkel...

An electric bicycle can be a great vehicle during a crisis, but it can't hold a large load. Pack supplies to cover your basic survival needs. You never know when you might need to make a detour or set up an impromptu camp. Consider carrying the following:

  • Lighter or fire-starter
  • Water or water purification/filtration
  • Food, e.g. protein bars, nuts, etc.
  • Shelter, like a space blanket
  • Self-defense tools, such as a knife or firearm

More on Bug Out Vehicles and Ebikes

More From Issue 20

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Read articles from the next issue of Recoil Offgrid: Issue 21

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Check out our other publications on the web: Recoil | Gun Digest | Blade | RecoilTV | RECOILtv (YouTube)

Editor's Note: This article has been modified from its original version for the web.


8 Wheeled Coolers to Keep Your Meals on the Move

You'd be right to think an ice chest has no place next to your bug-out bag. You'd be right to say that dragging a cooler over the scattered rubble of your last-known address would end in frustration and futility. You'd also be correct that there's nothing in your emergency plans requiring you to schlep 40 pounds of ice in a plastic box just to keep something cold for a few extra days. Or would you?

One Cooler From Death

Perhaps the news comes from the ham radio, the weather band, or the internet, but the time to pack up and leave was 40 minutes ago. Your destination? Anywhere outside the city — but where you're going there's no amenities, no power, no utilities, no nothing but uncertain safety. Besides stuffing your truck with as much gear as you can, you break out a cooler or two and gut the fridge of whatever you think you'll need in the next two or three days … maybe more.

Frozen ground beef, sausage links, bags of veggies, and ice. How about drinks? How about medicine that needs to remain cool, like some types of insulin and antibiotics?

Imagine you don't make it to your fully stocked cabin tucked away amongst the trees. Imagine there's too much traffic, or there are road closures, blockades, marauders, or any number of obstacles. What then? Who knows how long you'll be delayed. Are you prepared for it? Perhaps, but wouldn't it be nice to have a mobile cooler full of food and drink at your disposal? It might just save your life.

What to Buy?

Depending on the size of your cooler, it'll weigh upward of 60 or 70 pounds when loaded. Do you really want to lug that, even if it's a short distance from your house to the truck or from the truck up a trail to your cabin? Of course not. There's no reason your coolers shouldn't have wheels; even though navigating them over rough terrain can be cumbersome, it still beats breaking your back.

There are three different grades of coolers on the market today:

Traditional Coolers: These are for the masses, the day at the beach, and the tailgating party. They're designed to contain ice, keeping it cold for a couple of days at most. They won't win any design awards, aren't terrifically durable, but are affordable.

High-End Coolers: These hit the market 11 years ago thanks to brothers Roy and Ryan Seiders, creators of the Yeti Tundra, the first money's-no-object cooler. Since then, many other companies have entered the market, offering increased insulation, external latches, pinned hinges, rubber gaskets, and a variety of accessories that increase the cooler's function. An integrated bottle opener? Brilliant.

Powered Coolers: These are basically portable refrigerators tethered to a wall or car socket. They can be pricey because of the electrical components involved, but most are inexpensively produced and lack much insulation because they're constantly cooled.

Which you should get depends solely on your activities. If you're hitting the beach and only want to keep a few drinks and sandwiches cold, an economical cooler is perfect. Or if you don't plan to be far from electricity, such as near your RV, a powered cooler will keep your victuals refreshingly cold in perpetuity. However, if there's a chance your cooler will tumble off of the cargo rack of an ATV while you're tracking a herd of elk deep in the untamed Unita Mountains of Utah, you might be interested in purchasing a high-end cooler offering a greater degree of ruggedness and durability.

The Test

Let's get this out of the way right off the bat: Such a diverse range of coolers can't be fairly tested against each other on an apples-to-apples basis, considering that size, insulation thickness, features, capacity, and even color all have some bearing on whether they'll keep their contents cool. Larger coolers take more ice to keep cold, while smaller coolers need less insulation.

Because of these fundamental differences, our test was simple: After acclimating each cooler to the ambient temperature of a warm spring day of 86 degrees F, we filled each one exactly halfway with ice. For example, into the 62-quart Coleman went 31 quarts of ice (by volume) and 25 quarts of ice were dumped into the 50-quart Rubbermaid. Nestled snuggly in the very center of each cooler was a 12-ounce glass bottle of beer with the hopes of chilled reward at the conclusion of our test.

Then we waited 48 hours. The high temperature over the course of the test steadily climbed to 92 degrees when we reopened the coolers.

First, the important part: Much to our delight, all of the beers were a crisp 35 to 38 degrees F. Once the single beer reached the approximate temperature of the ice surrounding it over the course of the test, all that affected the ice then was the temperature of the insulated walls. When we opened the coolers, there was a moat of water around the perimeter of the cooler, surrounding an ice island in which perched the beer. Removing the ice, we measured the water and calculated a percentage of how much ice had been lost from the original amount (list in order of largest loss to least):

Percentage of Ice Lost By Volume

Rubbermaid Extreme (25 quarts of ice): 32
Koolatron Kargo (16 quarts of ice): 30.3
Igloo Max (26 quarts of ice): 28.84
Knox Electric (24 quarts of ice): 28.12
Canyon Cooler Mule (16 quarts of ice): 25.78
Pelican (22 quarts of ice): 23.33
RovR RollR 80 (40 quarts of ice): 21.25
Coleman (31 quarts of ice): 20.16

The results were surprising and perhaps a little upsetting to a couple of the more popular brands on the market, Rubbermaid and Igloo. Both suffered as much ice loss as did the two electric-powered coolers (neither of which are really designed to hold ice, so we never expected them to perform very well in this test). Over the course of 48 hours, sitting in 90-degree temperature, the worst of the lot, the 50-quart Rubbermaid cooler, lost 32 percent of its ice, while the best performer, the larger 62-quart Coleman, only lost 20.16 percent of its ice.

However, look at this in relation to how much food a particular cooler can hold, how much ice can be placed in it, how expensive that ice is, and how much ice melted. You may be comfortable accepting a larger percentage of ice loss to water if the cooler fits your needs well. And the enormous 80-quart RovR lost just 21.25 percent of its ice, while still holding the contents of the Mule and Koolatron combined.

Of course, the real test is how each one measures up against reality — full of food, being jostled around in a truck, boat, or RV, sitting in the blazing sun, being opened and closed (or left open), and being pulled along a rocky trail. Cooler performance cannot be accurately tested under specific conditions, as there are too many variables. A cooler advertised to keep ice frozen for five days (e.g. Rubbermaid and Coleman) likely won't under real-world situations.

Final Thoughts

Though it's difficult to justify a rolling cooler for every conceivable situation, and it's questionable whether a cooler of any kind has an esteemed place in your top-tier bug-out gear, it's impossible to argue the finer points of fresh food, potent medicine, and better tasting drinks.

Though the Canyon Cooler Mule is too small to be used for anything more than fulfilling the needs of a single person, we're naming it the Best Bug-Out Pick for just that reason: it's compact, takes up less space, and performed well in our challenge.

Not only does Igloo's MaxCold Quantum sound like a sci-fi movie, but its package size, wheel clearance, tie-down points, and robust telescoping handle means it's a quality cooler that'll serve well without breaking the bank. So, it wins our Best Value award.

Our overall Top Pick prize goes to the Pelican for its over-the-top ruggedness, well-integrated amenities, capacity, and engineering. The handle design is superior to all the others, tilting with little effort and placing the weight of the cooler as far back as possible while offering a stout thick grip that won't tire your hand. Most importantly, this is one cooler that can take a beating and keep its cool.

Your mileage may vary, but at the end of the day, you want a cooler that'll function properly for your personal needs and fit within your budget; as when buying a Cadillac, you still want funds leftover to fill the tank. The only thing more depressing than an empty cooler is a hot one.

Wheeled Coolers

  • Canyon Cooler Mule

    Make & Model - Canyon Cooler Mule
    Capacity - 32 quarts
    External Dimensions - 18 by 18 by 17 inches Internal Dimensions
    Weight - 19 pounds
    MSRP - $330
    URL - http://www.canyoncoolers.com

    The smallest of the coolers that were evaluated, the Mule is by far the toughest.

  • Coleman Xtreme 5

    Make & Model - Coleman Xtreme 5
    Capacity - 62 quarts
    Exterior Dimensions - 31.5 by 17 by 15.5 inches
    Interior Dimensions - 25 by 13 by 12 inches
    Weight - 16.2 pounds
    MSRP - $70
    URL - http://www.coleman.com

    Although the company claims the "fun will last longer" with the Xtreme 5, the pessimist in us suggests the wheels will crumble long before that happens.

  • Igloo MaxCold Quantum

    Make - Igloo
    Model - MaxCold Quantum
    Capacity - 52 quarts
    Exterior Dimensions - 20.39 by 18.12 by 19.06 inches
    Interior Dimensions - 16.25 by 13.5 by 15.5 inches
    Weight - 13.01 pounds
    MSRP - $60
    URL - http://www.igloocoolers.com

    Along with Coleman and Rubbermaid, Igloo rules the inexpensive cooler market, as they've churned out millions of molded plastic coolers.

  • Knox Electric Cooler/Warmer

    Make & Model - Knox Electric Cooler/Warmer
    Capacity - 48 quarts
    Exterior Dimensions - 18 by 23 by 16 inches
    Interior Dimensions - 17.5 by 12 by 11.75 inches
    Weight - 13 pounds
    MSRP - $135
    URL - http://www.walmart.com

    The company is so proud of it, this model doesn't even show up on its own website (but it's sold at Walmart).

  • Koolatron Kargo

    Make & Model - Koolatron Kargo
    Capacity - 33 quarts
    Exterior Dimensions - 16.25 by 13.5 by 19 inches
    Interior Dimensions - 15.5 by 10.5 by 13.5 inches
    Weight - 15 pounds
    MSRP - $160
    URL - http://www.koolatron.com

    The unique trait of the Koolatron is that it needs no ice.

  • Pelican Elite Wheeled Cooler

    Make & Model - Pelican Elite Wheeled Cooler
    Capacity - 45 quarts
    Exterior Dimensions - 29.66 by 20 by 19.25 inches
    Interior Dimensions - 19 by 12 by 12 inches
    Weight - 37.25 pounds
    MSRP - $380
    URL - http://www.pelican.com

    Pelican is well known for making formidable containers, and it makes sense for them to get into the high-end rolling cooler market.

  • RovR RollR 80

    Make & Model - RovR RollR 80
    Capacity - 80 quarts
    Exterior Dimensions - 22.9 by 23.6 by 26.5
    Interior Dimensions - 17.5 by 19.3 by 16.1 inches
    Weight - 40 pounds
    MSRP - $449
    URL - http://www.rovrproducts.com

    If there were a Humvee among coolers, this would undoubtedly be it.

  • Rubbermaid DuraChill 5-Day Wheeled Cooler

    Make & Model - Rubbermaid DuraChill 5-Day Wheeled Cooler
    Capacity - 50 quarts
    Exterior Dimensions - 15.25 by 23.38 by 19 inches
    Interior Dimensions - 22 by 10.25 by 13 inches
    Weight - 17 pounds
    MSRP - $40
    URL - http://www.rubbermaid.com

    The split lid of this traditional cooler helps keep in the cold, and the side handles on this cooler seem well made and strong.

More From Issue 20

Don’t miss essential survival insights—sign up for Recoil Offgrid's free newsletter today!

Read articles from the next issue of Recoil Offgrid: Issue 21

Read articles from the previous issue of Recoil Offgrid: Issue 19

Check out our other publications on the web: Recoil | Gun Digest | Blade | RecoilTV | RECOILtv (YouTube)

Editor's Note: This article has been modified from its original version for the web.


Finding Fatwood & How to Use It for Fire-Starting

We often discuss the subject of fire-starting, and there's a reason for this frequency: lighting a fire is one of the top priorities in a survival situation. It'll obviously keep you warm, which is important during the colder months, but fire-starting is equally necessary during the warm spring and summer months. Fire boils water for drinking and cooking, boosts morale, and can even deter the insect pests that seem to be everywhere this time of year.

Char cloth fire starters 16

Char cloth is a great tool for fire-starting, but it's not a naturally-occurring resource.

It's always wise to add a few fire-starting tools to your bug-out bag or backpack before you head outdoors — these may include a lighter, ferro rod, matches, petroleum-jelly-coated cotton balls, char cloth, and a variety of other items. However, if all else fails, you may need to supplement your pre-made fire kit with items you can find in nature.

Fatwood fire starter tinder wood kindling 1

Fatwood sticks can be harvested and stored for tinder. Photo: Hustvedt / Wikipedia

Fatwood is one of the most valuable natural fire-starters, and it can be found in most forests and wooded areas where pine trees are present. This dense wood is impregnated with pine resin, making it hard, fragrant, and rot-resistant. The pine resin contains terpene, which is a flammable hydrocarbon and the precursor to turpentine. This causes it to ignite and burn energetically, making fire-starting far easier than it would be with damp bark.

To harvest fatwood, look for upright stumps of fallen pine trees, as there's a higher density in this part of the tree. A knife or ax can be used to shave off the outer bark and reveal the fatwood. Keep an eye out for darker portions within the stump, and smell them to confirm the presence of fragrant resin. In the following video, Lonnie of Far North Bushcraft and Survival shows how he gathers fatwood during a short trek into the woods:

If you're feeling lazy or can't find pine trees nearby, you can purchase fatwood online, such as the Light My Fire TinderSticks. However, we'd encourage you to get out there and learn how to find your own — this skill may come in useful when your other tinder materials run out.


Infographic: What Are Coins Actually Worth?

Have you ever held a fistful of change and wondered how much the coins are actually worth? We're not talking about the 1¢, 5¢, 10¢, or 25¢ face value of the coins, as that would be easy to add up. We're referring to a more complex metric known as intrinsic value. A coin's intrinsic value is the value of the metal that makes up the coin. Essentially, if you were to melt down that handful of change, separate and purify all the metal elements, and sell them at current market value, intrinsic value is how much monetary value you'd end up with.

Coin value money currency gold silver infographic 7

To understand what this means today, it's useful to know a little about the history of currency. Back in the days of the Roman Empire, coins were formed from pure precious metals (such as gold or silver), and functioned as commodity money. This meant that the coin's intrinsic value was the same as its face value. Eventually, carrying around chunks of gold and silver became impractical and unsustainable on a large scale, so we transitioned to representative money, which was made of materials that had less intrinsic value (e.g. copper or nickel) but directly represented a set amount of precious metal in a central reserve.

Coin value money currency gold silver infographic 8

Today, we have moved to a system of fiat money, which has a set value as decreed by the government, but is not based on gold reserves or the materials it's composed of. This is why a quarter is worth 25¢ wherever you go, even though the copper and nickel it's made from are worth far less than that. For survivalists, this poses an interesting question: if SHTF and the government's declared fiat value of our currency became irrelevant, how much money would our coins actually be worth?

Even at current precious metal valuations, the answer is not much, and that value could potentially fall further in the event of major economic collapse. If currency collapsed and everyone started melting their coins tomorrow, supply would increase, demand would decrease, and the value of the metals would likely drop dramatically.

The following infographic from 911 Metallurgist shows the official values of coins, and compares them to the intrinsic values of their metal constituents. Click here to download a full-size version of this infographic.

Coin value money currency gold silver infographic 2Coin value money currency gold silver infographic 3Coin value money currency gold silver infographic 4Coin value money currency gold silver infographic 5Coin value money currency gold silver infographic 6

(Note: Reddit users noticed there was a numerical error with the USD value of the Australian dollar, so we modified the infographic above to correct it.)

Now, this isn't to say you should go trade all your money for gold doubloons, but it's interesting to consider the huge gap between face value and intrinsic value of our currency. If the fiat currency system ever collapses, paper money might be rendered worthless, and coins wouldn't be far behind.


Video: Smudge Pot Mosquito Repellent

Last weekend, I took a road trip to Yosemite National Park, and spent two full days hiking and enjoying the beautiful scenery. Heavy rainfall in California over the past few months has caused the the many waterfalls in Yosemite to swell to a thunderous roar, refilled the lakes and streams after several years of drought, and brought greenery back to the dry landscapes.

Yosemite waterfall lake river water mountain tree 1

However, there's one downside to all this moisture — it meant that the mosquitoes were out in droves. Unfortunately, I had forgotten to include DEET bug spray in my day pack on this trip, and despite attempts to avoid shaded stagnant water and cover my extremities, my skin is now spotted with dozens of itchy welts.

Virus disease medical first aid mosquito insect

Lesson #1 is that chemical warfare is the easiest method for repelling mosquitoes, so don't make my mistake by leaving the bug spray at home. But what can you do if you find yourself in the position I was in, and need an alternative repellent to keep the pests at bay? David's Passage on YouTube has a simple DIY solution called the smudge pot or smudge fire, which David demonstrates in the video below:

The smudge pot mosquito repellent method uses a simple metal soup can, a coat hanger or wire, and dry punkwood from decomposing logs. By slowly burning the punkwood and allowing it to smolder, a thick blanket of smoke is created that can help deter mosquitoes. Studies have shown that some types of fragrant wood, such as eucalyptus or cedar, may work better than others. So, you may want to experiment with various types of punkwood found in your local forest to find the best variety.


5 Bug-Out Lessons From the Light and Fast Ultrarunner Crowd

Our sofas are comfy. But, let's not get attached. Getting driven from a shelter is something to plan for, and extreme circumstances could force a hasty flight by foot. Pivoting from a stand-fast-and-defend game to a mobile light-and-fast game doesn't mean scrapping your entire prep plan. If you're already in good shape for a long march, it could be as simple as paring down on some things and adding a few others to your kit. And being prepared … to suffer a little. But mostly being prepared.

Ultrarunners — those who cover more ground in a day than most do in a month — are basically preppers with a caffeine addiction who flee for fun. So we figured what better way to test some post-apocalyptic readiness techniques than pushing them to the extreme in a remote mountain trail race?

The Bigfoot 200-Mile Endurance Run in Washington's Northern Cascade Mountains is actually 205.8 miles. Its 96,000 feet of elevation change is more than three out-and-backs of Mount Everest. Runners have 105.5 hours to complete the gnarly point-to-point course, and unlike stage races, once the clock starts it doesn't stop.

It's a grueling test of grit, gear, and sanity, making it the perfect laboratory to put our pared-down survival strategies to the test. We set out last summer to conquer the Bigfoot, here's what we learned (sometimes the hard way) on the way to the finish.

ultrarunner-bug-out-lessons-bigfoot-200-endurance-run

Priority: Water

Ultrarunners set out into the woods on purpose, and like preppers, have to be mostly self-reliant and thoughtful with what they carry. This calls for a delicate balance between carrying the necessary gear and adding too much weight.

At Bigfoot, we had 14 aid stations sprinkled nine to 19 miles apart throughout the course. These aid stations were crucial resupply points for food, water, and sometimes sleep, but in between we were on our own.

It was on the first long section in the Mars-like Mount St. Helens volcanic blast zone between Miles 12 and 31 where Jared Byrd, my running partner, and I realized our first critical mistake.

“Hey, I'm out of water.” Sh*t. “Me too.” Double sh*t.

Each of us had the ability to carry up to 3 liters of water, but at the first-aid station — underestimating the next 19 miles — we opted to save weight and bring just 2 liters. Mistake level: Big.

Thirsty? You won't find a water fountain off-trail--especially not in the dark.

Thirsty? You won't find a water fountain off-trail–especially not in the dark.

Temperatures that day were in the mid to upper 90s, unusually warm for the region, and the exposed nature of the volcanic blast zone meant we were fast hiking in a lava rock-coated oven. Eight miles in, with 11 still to go, we were both dry. So, we switched to Plan B, which meant activating conservation mode and slowing our pace. (Plan B should have been called Plan See-I-told-you-we-needed-all-this-stuff.)

Surviving off the grid often requires MacGyver-like improvisation skills, but the most important step is preparation before you leave. “Do research of the area before you go there. Google Maps is a great way,” says Bob Aksamit, a 10-year veteran of the Sheridan County Wyoming volunteer search and rescue team. “Get digitally accustomed to the area that you're going to be in.”

Aksamit also recommends going retro, carrying a compass — an old-school one — and paper maps. Had we done that, we would have known there was a clear-water stream another 7 or 8 miles ahead. But did we? Nope. Luckily there were hikers heading in the other direction who told us where we could re-up on water. That mountain stream saved our race, and gave us an excuse to use a piece of gear I'd hoped we wouldn't need: water purifiers.

Aksamit likes the straw-type systems, such as LifeStraw, because they are inexpensive, small, and lightweight. One major downside to these types of filters? They're great for using while you're at a water source, but it's tough and tedious to filter larger amounts of water to bring with you. You have to pull the water through the straw, then baby bird it back into a container.

We'd opted to bring the Sawyer Mini, a tiny system that comes with a filter and detachable water pouch. Fill the pouch with dirty water then squeeze it through the filter and back into your clean storage. Easy. We death marched to the clear stream, filtered a couple gallons of ice cold deliciousness, and made our way to our next checkpoint.

Priority: Shelter

Six of the aid stations at Bigfoot were “sleep stations” with prepositioned air mattresses, cots, and blankets. We hoped to do all of our sleeping at the stations rather than on the side of the trail, but we were prepared (there it is again) to sleep in the dirt. We carried Adventure Medical's Emergency Bivvy.

“Shelter can be anything from one of those emergency blankets to whatever you can put together out in the field,” Aksamit says. “Rock ledge, tree branches … but stay off the ground because the ground will draw the heat out of you.”

You can get hypothermia in any temperature, Aksamit warned, especially if you're been pushing hard and your body is depleted.

“If there's any chance of it being cold bring a sleeping pad, you need that insulating layer,” agrees Bigfoot Race Director Candice Burt. Burt is no newbie to fast-packing, covering large distances with minimal gear. She holds the women's unsupported FKT (fastest known time) for the Wonderland Trail, a 93-mile route around the base of Washington's Mount Rainer.

Between her own running, scouting new race routes or marking trails, she will often spend back-to-back days in the backcountry with no access to aid. Burt's cold weather essentials made up the recommended gear list for Bigfoot runners; at a minimum, a rain jacket, hat, and gloves, and lightweight pants.

“I feel like the more I do this, the more I start to bring,” she said, adding that it's easy to start imagining all the worst-case scenarios. “It is absolutely worth bringing the extra weight of safety gear or warm clothing, a tent and a rain fly,” she said. “You could stay in that tent for a long time if you had to.”

Like good rule followers, we'd packed warm clothes to carry with us at all times. A packing move that seemed silly during Day 1's 100-degree highs, but essential when we bedded down to sleep during night two's 40-degree lows.

Priority: Medical

Our first goal going into Bigfoot was simple: don't die. While anything can happen over 200 miles in remote wilderness, there were certainly things we could do to (cough, nudge) prepare for most situations. The number-one issue we expected were foot problems. Over long distances, be it in an ultra marathon or if you're hoofing it to your safe zone, you're inevitably going to have issues with your feet.

“You get down to the basics, and that's what we're hitting the ground with every single time,” says Todd Nardi, an emergency medical services provider in Tucson, Arizona, and the medical director of the Bigfoot 200 and Tahoe 200. Nardi, who did four years in the Marine Corps as a light infantryman, has become Burt's specialist on treating runners' disgusting and mangled feet. He recommends preparing your feet for the long haul: Filing your nails short, buffing down callouses, and regularly massaging your feet to promote good blood flow. Good, well-fitting shoes or boots and wicking socks are also on his must list. (Nardi is a big fan of Injinji; we are too.)

Don't let a small blister turn into a big infection. Treat it ASAP with a personalized medical kit.

Don't let a small blister turn into a big infection. Treat it ASAP with a personalized medical kit.

If you have an issue, treat it immediately before it worsens. Nardi packs Leukotape, moleskin, and other foot care essentials to treat feet on the fly.

What he doesn't recommend is popping blisters. “I keep blisters intact because that's a sterile environment and that's how it's going to heal the best,” he says. “I don't want to inflict an open wound on somebody.” Open wounds could lead to another huge issue when you're on the run: infection.

We carried tape, bandages, alcohol wipes, and triple antibiotic ointment, just in case. We were lucky that we only had to patch up battered feet, but we were prepared for worse.

Priority: Food

Unless you're willing to hump a cooler with you, you're going to have to rely on shelf-stable nutrition. Ultrarunners have to go for the most bang for their calorie buck, and tend to carry nutrient-dense noms. “The body can go for a long while without food,” says Adir Doliner, a competitive cyclist and emergency medical physician near Austin, Texas, “Your body just starts processing [muscle and fat] for energy.” So, say it with us now — be prepared and pack smart.

“Berries will only get you so far,” Burt jokes. She prefers to carry real food, things such as cheese, tuna, and salmon pouches, and tortillas. Other good options: almond butter packets, Epic bars, and baby food fruit purees. “Bring food you like to eat, like real food, not just a bunch of gels or bars,” she says. “Once you're out there it's so nice to have real food.”

Bigfoot's aid stations were a well-stocked buffet of soups, sandwiches, burgers, and burritos. We carried about 800 to 1,000 calories on us for in between. In a disaster scenario, you won't have those pit stops. So pack wisely.

Priority: Self-Defense

What we weren't ready to face was wildlife. On the second or third night (neither of us is certain which one), my running partner turned back toward me and ended up staring down … something. It was big, stealthy, and pretty close.

“If you do have confrontations, just slowly back out, try not to be aggressive,” Aksamit recommends. “If it's a mountain lion, you want to face them. Get their attention just like any house cat. Be big with them.”

Our run-for-our-lives muscles were pretty tired, so instead I closed the distance with Jared and we started banging our trekking poles together.

Poles can make a lot of noise, but the lightweight carbon fiber probably wouldn't make a great weapon. But if this bear/cat/squirrel/hallucination did charge us, I was sure going to try to poke it into submission. “Just be aware,” Aksamit says. “Make noise. Typically any wildlife will get out of your way.” It did and we pressed on … loudly.

Bigfoot Scorecard

We finished Bigfoot in just under 100 hours, which included about 10 hours of sleep and another six to eight hours killed at aid stations. Covering such a large distance in a short amount of time is daunting, especially knowing when it gets tough, it could always get worse.

For us, Bigfoot was a literal 200-mile walk in the woods — for fun. But everything we learned along the way could come in handy in a survival situation.

ultrarunner-bug-out-lessons-bigfoot-endurance-run

Ability to walk away from crippling highway gridlock? Check. Having the stamina to run down food in the woods? Check. Knowing we could move for days in search of supplies or shelter? Check. Those 100 hours in the woods gave us confidence in our kit and the knowledge we were prepared for almost any situation. We tested our gear, but also our grit and stubbornness — essential traits of ultrarunners and anyone looking to jump into something wild and unfamiliar.

About the Author

ultrarunner-bug-out-lessons-sara-davidson

Sara Davidson, 34, is a Maryland-based runner with more than 40 ultra-marathon finishes, including three 100-milers and the Bigfoot 200 Mile Endurance Run. She suffers from trail amnesia and is spending the summer training for another 200—September's Tahoe 200—with her boyfriend and mileage pusher Jared Byrd.

Our Kit

ultrarunner-bug-out-lessons-gear-kit

The 105-hour cutoff time for the Bigfoot 200-Mile Endurance Run meant we'd stretch our gear to at least 72 hours and likely longer; pretty close to the amount of time you should be prepared to spend alone and unafraid should chaos kick your preps into motion. Here's some of what we carried:

PACK

Make
Ultimate Direction

Model
PB Adventure Vest 3.0

MSRP
$170

URL
www.ultimatedirection.com

Notes
The unisex PB is customizable and loaded with pockets. We carried about 15 to 20 pounds of water and gear, but it road comfortably with minimal bounce thanks to the shirt-like fit of the Mono Mesh harness. It weighs in at just under a pound but boasts 16 liters of storage.

TECH

Make
Garmin

Model
Fenix 3

MSRP
Starting at $500

URL
www.garmin.com

Notes
The Fenix 3 can charge while tracking — a feature not found on all GPS watches. But the added benefit was its navigation capability. It has GPS/GLONASS satellite reception, altimeter, barometer, compass, and all the good stuff common on a watch of this flavor.

POWER

Make
Mophie

Model
Powerstation 5x

MSRP
$130

URL
www.mophie.com

Notes
We chose this Mophie for its size-to-juice ratio: 9.9 ounces got us 10,000mAh of power (that'll charge an iPhone 6s five times). But don't neglect your non-recharge batteries either; go for quality. Bigfoot Race director Candice Burt says not to shy away from expensive batteries and buy gear that takes the same size battery (AA versus AAA) so that you only have to carry one type.

OUTERWEAR

Make
Ultimate Direction

Model
Ultra Jacket

MSRP
$180

URL
www.ultimatedirection.com

Notes
Waterproof and lightweight, the Ultra is a super packable choice to throw in your bag. Fully taped seams, armpit vents, and “FlipMitt” built-in gloves mean that this jacket will keep your warm and dry in nasty conditions. At 5.9 ounces, it crushes into a self-pocket the size of two fists.

Make
Patagonia

Model
Houdini pants

MSRP
$99

URL
www.patagonia.com

Notes
These 3-ounce pants live in our adventure packs, and can be a lifesaver when caught up high or if the wind picks up — any time when SHTF. The 100-percent nylon material has a DWR finish that'll keep you dry in light rain.

Make
Mountain Hardwear

Model
Ghost Whisperer

MSRP
$350

URL
www.mountainhardwear.com

Notes
We love the Ghost Whisperer because of its warmth-to-size ratio. For 7.7 ounces you get 800-fill insulation that'll keep your warm when the temperatures drop. Q.Shield down will stay warm even when it gets wet.

Extras

Other must haves? “Carry a whistle,” Bob Aksamit says. “You can whistle louder than you can holler.”

“I do like to have a little knife,” Burt says. “There's a lot of things you can do with that — you can cut your shoes open,” a move ultrarunners use if their feet swell too much.

More From Issue 20

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Read articles from the next issue of Recoil Offgrid: Issue 21

Read articles from the previous issue of Recoil Offgrid: Issue 19

Check out our other publications on the web: Recoil | Gun Digest | Blade | RecoilTV | RECOILtv (YouTube)

Editor's Note: This article has been modified from its original version for the web.


What If You’re on a Train With a Suspected Suicide Bomber

Illustrations by Sarah Watanabe-Rocco

It wasn't my call to make, and this wasn't some goofy action flick on TV. There were hundreds of lives at risk if the rat's nest of wires I glimpsed was actually a bomb. And if it was an explosive device, and if I sent a train attendant toward him, I knew that my sweet wife, everyone onboard, and I would likely find out if there was a God that morning.

My mind reeled with the weight of my predicament, and my stomach was close to losing its contents. I was absolutely sure I saw something to be worried about — and it was my job to say something. But if he really was a bomber and someone spooked him, we were all dead. For a second or two, I tried to figure out which end of the train would put us farthest away from the man, but I tossed aside the idea of escape. There was no escape on a high-speed train in a tight-fitting tunnel under the English Channel. So I rallied my courage, discussed the plan with my wife, and wasted no more time with indecision — since these might be the last few minutes of our lives.

In this gripping installment of What If?, we've been asked to face a disturbingly realistic scenario: What would you do if you and your spouse were on the same train as a suicide bomber?

To get different takes on this modern menace, RECOIL OFFGRID asked three survival writers to build a story from their own perspectives and experiences. For this installment, we have Erik Lund (a federal law enforcement agent with a bevy of tactical and survival experience) and Hakim Isler (a wilderness expert, martial arts instructor, and former psychological-operations sergeant with the U.S. Army). And for a third point of view, I've been a professional survival instructor for more than 20 years, and I've written multiple New York Times-bestselling survival manuals.

Scenarios like this make me wonder if there are such things as “no win” scenarios. Hope you're not reading this on a train.

The Scenario

Situation Type
Potential suicide bombing

Your Crew
You and your wife, Sara

Location
The Channel Tunnel

Season
Early summer

Weather
Partly sunny; mid-70 degrees F

The Setup: You're a fit male in your late 30s named Johnny, married to an equally fit wife named Sara. Living in North Carolina, you both own an online business selling protein bars marketed to outdoorsy types. You've run, hiked, and traversed almost every major trail in the eastern United States that doesn't require an ice ax and mountain-climbing rope. It's time to expand. You head to France, where you hope to see the sights, hit a few trails, and then take the underground Channel Tunnel (or Chunnel) to England for more adventures.

The Complication: At the Chunnel station in Calais, France, you and your wife enter the high-speed train looking for your assigned seats in standard class amongst the sea of tourists, Britons going home, and French headed for England. That's when you notice something: while everyone's wearing T-shirts and jeans or shorts, there's a man wearing a three-quarter-length brown jacket. Not exactly seasonal. Plus, he seems confused, or maybe anxious, as he looks for his seat.

Just as he finds his row, a rather large woman accidentally bumps him, briefly exposing what's underneath the jacket: a vest filled with an intricate web of wires and plastic bottles. Is this a prank? Or some kind of emergency drill, you think. No, I have to treat this like what it looks like: a suicide bomber. He quickly covers up his jacket, hoping no one noticed. No one does. Except for you.

The New Plan: As the train glides on the tracks roughly 150 feet under the seafloor, you have about 23 miles and 30 minutes to figure out a plan. Will this terrorist explode himself (and destroy this train) halfway through this engineering marvel called the Chunnel or wait until we've stopped at Folkestone on the English side? Or maybe he'll do it when we reach London to make a political statement in the heart of the United Kingdom? And how the hell did he get the vest on board? It doesn't matter. You whisper your plans to Sara and start steeling your resolve.

what-if-youre-on-a-train-with-a-suspected-suicide-bomber-commuter-train

Federal Agent: Erik Lund's Approach

I felt a small little punch on my arm and looked over at my wife, Sara. “Hellooo … come back to Earth, spaceman Spiff,” she said. I smiled back and apologized for being distracted, but my mind was still trying to make sense of what I'd just seen. It sure as hell looked like a bomb in some sort of suicide vest, but I couldn't be positive. My eyes tracked the man to his seat, while I tried not to look like I was watching him.

The man continued to stumble around, taking extra care to not let anyone incidentally touch him. The man finally found his seat, four rows up from mine on the other side of the aisle.

I whispered ever so quietly in Sara's ear: “I think the man in front of us is wearing a suicide bomber vest.” Sara pulled back with a smile on her face until our eyes locked. We had been together long enough that she recognized the look in my eyes; this was no joke. She leaned back in and started to ask a question. I stopped her and motioned to our phones.

I texted her the man's description and seat location, followed by what I had seen. She looked freaked, but took a breath. “What do you want to do?” she texted me.

Over the next few texts I laid out my plan. I wanted to get a picture of the man, and then we would move forward on the train to the lounge car. When we found train officials, we'd notify them and give them the picture. Sara acknowledged the plan and nodded she was ready. I stood up and pulled down my pack, then slumped back down into my seat.

Reaching into the pack, I pulled out a 2-foot length of looped 550 paracord. On the outside of my pack was a large heavy-duty Masterlock keyed padlock. I unlocked it, attached it to the looped paracord, and stuffed it into my pants pocket. It would make a devastating impact device that could easily shatter a human skull if swung hard enough. I looked over at Sara as she was doing the same with hers.

“Just in case,” I whispered, as a knowing smile slipped across my face. “I love you.”

I stood up and let Sara get into the aisle, following her as we moved forward slightly. When I got next to the man I called to Sara, “Hey, come take a selfie with me.” Smiling, she turned around and came back. As she did, I noticed the man shift his hand into his jacket. He clearly was on edge and possibly starting to panic at the thought he might be discovered. This wasn't going to work, and I needed to change my plan — fast — before he decided now was as good a time as any to detonate the explosive. I threw out my hand and pushed Sara back.

“Let's do it up there, the light is better,” I said, pushing Sara up a few rows. She didn't know why I changed our plan, but played along.

A few rows up, an older man stood up from his seat and held out his hand, blocking Sara in the aisle. Aww … f*ck me. This guy is on to us! I shoved my hand into my pocket, grabbing for the paracord on my improvised medieval mace.

The man blocking our path started saying something in French. I had no idea what he was saying, but the determination in his voice was clear. As I went for my improvised weapon, Sara spun around and grabbed my hand, still in the pocket. “Hey honey,” she said,” he wants to take our picture for us.” Sara's intelligence and fluency just saved my illiterate ass from striking this dude. I said, “Tell him thank you, but we'll do it ourselves.” Sara nodded and translated the message.

When we got a few more rows up, we turned around, hugged each other with big smiles. I held out my phone like I was taking a selfie of us, but intentionally didn't switch the phone camera to face us. I snapped a quick picture of all the people in his section of the train with nobody the wiser. To complete the charade, I showed the picture to Sara. She smiled and kissed me, then we turned around and moved into the next train car.

I stopped briefly to look at the picture. It was near perfect; I was able to zoom in on the man as he sat in his seat. All of his facial features were crystal clear, and the police should have no problem identifying him. I even noticed that he'd taken his hand back out of his coat.

Arriving in the bar buffet compartment, Sara and I found an empty spot and waited for a waitress. After a few moments, she came over to take our order. I pulled her close and whispered what I had seen. The waitress tensed up, then collected herself. Stepping back, she smiled and said she would check to see if the train had that wine available and quickly left the compartment. In a flash, a man who identified himself as a manager arrived, asking us if we could come with him to view the limited selection of wines the train had for special occasions. Sara and I nodded, following him out of the compartment.

The manager led us through a door marked “employees only,” and we soon found ourselves in an operations room near the power car. There I explained to the security chief what I had seen and showed them the picture. He asked a few questions about the details of the bomb and thanked us for our quick action in reporting the incident. The security chief left the room, and the manager guided us back to a premier cabin. He advised us to stay in the cabin until someone came for us and that we'd reach our first stop in about another 10 minutes.

We sat in silence in the cushy seats. Picking at a loose thread, Sara finally said, “What do you think they're going to do?” I didn't know, but figured that if the man wanted to blow up the train in the tunnel, he'd have done it already. It seemed that we'd be OK at least until the first stop.

We sat in silence for the next nine minutes until the train made its first stop. As people started to disembark, a train attendant led us off the train and guided us through the station to a security area, where we met a police officer. He asked us to provide a detailed statement and description of what happened.

After a few hours, Sara and I were allowed to leave. I asked the one of the officers what happened. He reported that several undercover agents boarded the train as passengers, taking up several seats around the man. Without warning, the agents converged on the man and were able to subdue him. The suicide vest he was wearing was a real vest, but it had no explosive compounds. Sara and I gave the officer a look that betrayed our lack of understanding. Seeing our confusion, the officer added that terrorists often like to perform test runs to see if they can get a simulated vest through security screenings.

Laughing, he said that the terrorists don't like to waste suicide bombers, so they do test runs to see if they can effectively breach security before the actual attempt. Who would have thought terrorists are concerned for the safety of their suicide bombers?

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Former U.S. Army Psy-Op Sergeant: Hakim Isler's Approach

Without a doubt, I saw a bomb strapped to that man. Before I said anything to my wife, Sara, I wanted to get more details. After the train pulled away, I tapped the video camera app on my phone and hit record. I covered the screen with a hand towel while I walked to the bathroom. On my way there, I surveyed the exits and the passengers.

Once in the restroom, I checked my footage. It had a decent view of the man, but mostly from behind. I decided to record again on my way back. Once back in my seat, I reviewed the video again. It was crooked, but I got some really good frontal video of him.

As I began taking screen shots from the video, Sara asked, “What are you doing?” Even whispering felt too risky, so I opened the notepad app and wrote a message. I typed that she shouldn't get alarmed, then summarized my observations. Sara immediately went pale. I showed her the photos and the location of the man. Without hesitation she typed, “We should try to stop him!”

We had to come up with a plan. Because of our lack of professional security know-how, I felt it would be best to get a train attendant involved.

Sara and I crafted a note on my phone detailing my observations, a photo of the bomber, his seat number, and what seat we were in. We used her phone to find Eurostar's website. There was a contact form, but no direct email address, so I couldn't figure out how to attach the photo. I started to curse under my breath, but my tech-savvy wife grabbed my phone. Mumbling something about Google Photos, she managed to come up with a link for the photo and pasted everything into the contact form. At least if the bomb went off in the next second, they'd have all the details. Then I emailed it to my dad for good measure and rang the button for the attendant.

When he arrived, I said, “Someone dropped their phone, and it seems to have their name on the home screen. Do you know who this is?”

I handed him the phone with the note on the screen: “This is not a prank! Do not look suspicious. The guy four seats up with the coat on has a bomb. I saw it under his jacket when we got on. Please alert your supervisors. Walk away with my phone and please email my wife with any instructions.” The rest of my message included Sara's address and a summary of what we'd already done.

The attendant went pale, frightening me as I thought he was about to break down. Suddenly, he straightened up and smiled: “Thank you sir, I'll see if I can find the owner.” Then he walked away.

A few minutes later, Sara received an email: “Thank you for informing us about the situation. We are aware and taking measures for everyone's safety. Please do not make contact with anyone else, as we do not want to start a panic. Stay seated until otherwise notified.”

Sara and I looked at each other in terror. We held each other's hand and sat back.

For the next 10 minutes, we waited to see what would come next, but the anxiety became too much to bear. This guy could detonate his bomb at any time, and I would rather go down fighting. I wrote Sara a message — she agreed. She had a small 8-by-6-inch mirror in her bag; I wrapped it in my towel, wedging it at an angle between the seats. Carefully breaking it while I coughed to mask the sound, I was left with a sharp point. I wrapped the other end in the towel and gave it to Sara.

We formulated a plan. I would walk toward the bathroom then pretend to feel ill and dizzy, apologize to the others, and sit down in front of the bomber. Appearing motion sick would be much less threatening than behaving like a loud American, trying to spark a conversation with no good excuse to sit down near him. Sara would sit in the seat behind him with her improvised shank in her purse. I was stronger, so if either of us might be able to restrain his hands, it would be me. From our positions, we'd wait for the authorities to act. However, if the man made a move before then, we'd be close enough to do something.

This was a Hail Mary play at best, but it was a better backup plan than sitting back, waiting to die. Sara and I looked into one another's eyes. We kissed each other for what might be our last time.

I took a deep breath then I was off. I started to stumble toward the bomber's seat. “I gotta sit here,” I said, trying to sound weak. “I'm feeling dizzy.” I plopped down, apologizing to the people around me, and leaned my head back. The bomber didn't say anything. I felt a small bit of relief. I raised my head slightly to see Sara just reaching the seat behind the bomber. Instead of a subtle cough, I nervously exploded with a mucus-laden bellow. The guy glared at me. “Sorry,” I said, as Sara quietly took the seat behind him. At this point, it occurred to me that perhaps I shouldn't have given my phone away, as I could no longer communicate with her.

After a few minutes, two attendants we'd never seen before entered from the front. The bomber took notice. Then two large men dressed in regular clothes entered from the rear. This agitated the bomber, as his head swiveled back and forth. The attendants tried to play it cool, but it was clear to me the four men were headed toward us. Clear to the bomber, too.

In my periphery, I could see the bomber's hands reaching. He wasn't waiting to see what would happen next; he was going to detonate the bomb. I screamed, “Bomb!” as I sprung out of my seat and grabbed his hands. I barely got a hold of them when one of the attendants joined the fray, but fell on me and broke my grip. He also obstructed the other attendants' path.

The bomber shifted away from the aisle, toward the window. I had smashed the detonator out of his hand in the struggle, but now he was reaching for it as I grabbed his legs. Suddenly, the side of a closed fist suddenly hit him in the neck.

Blood began to squirt from between his fingers as he frantically clutched his neck.

Everything felt like it was moving in slow motion; I followed the hand back and saw it was Sara's. Without hesitation, she stabbed four more times.

“His hands!” I yelled. The attendant on top of me leaped forward and grabbed the bomber's wrists, joined by one of the plainclothes men who dove over the seats and onto the bad guy. The three of us held his limbs down until his resistance melted away. The other attendant kept watch of the passengers in case of an accomplice, while the other plainclothes man took out plastic zip ties and cuffed the bomber's feet together and his hands above his bloody head.

Hours later, in the safety of the Folkestone station, we learned from a police official that the two attendants and two plainclothes men turned out to be undercover security agents. The official admonished us for intervening, forcing the agents to act earlier than they had planned and saying we were lucky to be alive … but reluctantly thanked us for our bravery. The blank look on Sara's face told me we'd be dealing with the aftermath of her heroism for many years to come.

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Survival Expert: Tim MacWelch's Approach

“Sara? Did you see that guy?” I whispered to my wife. “What guy?” she replied. A surge of emotion welled up inside me. It felt defensive, a blend of being afraid for my wife's safety and anger over the fact that she might be at risk. Sara had always been able to read me like a kid's book. Big letters, simple words. The color drained from her face as she picked up on my fear. “What's going on?” she asked in hushed tones.

I quickly but quietly explained what I had just seen — the man with the long coat, the wires, and bottles. She rose in her seat a bit, pretending to adjust how she was sitting, to sneak a glance in the direction of the man. She whispered back to me that she just saw the back of his head, nothing more.

My wife stared at me for a few moments, while I stared at the man who might have been planning to kill us all. She broke my concentration when she quietly said, “Whatever you're planning, I'm in.”

Her words echoed in my head. I loved my wife more at that moment than ever before. Not only because I was afraid I might lose her, but also because I'd never been more proud of whom she was. My mind raced as I considered the possibilities. Finally, I concluded, “We have to immobilize him. If he has a bomb, he'll have a trigger. Keeping him from getting to it is the only way that we can all get off this train alive.” Her eyes locked with mine, and I could see her thinking it through. She nodded, signaling that she understood.

“How are we going to grab him?” she asked. “You pull him out of his seat by his left arm, and I'll come in from behind and grab his right.” Sara nodded again, and asked, “armbar?” I nodded and gave a halfhearted smile, even though this was hardly the time for smiling. Still, she was ferocious at jiu-jitsu and, for a second, I felt something close to hope.

She grabbed my hand and squeezed like she was trying to make diamonds. I pulled her hand up to my lips and kissed it softly. After a bit, we both stood up. Sara took the lead down the train aisle, stopping in front of the man. I was nearly behind him when the unimaginable happened.

A man stood up suddenly, right in my face. He spoke French, and it seemed like he was asking my pardon for something. He blocked my view of my wife, which set me on edge. And apparently she wasn't the only one who could read my emotions like a book. The man's jovial tone switched gears quickly to a tone of loud annoyance, and people were starting to stare at us. As a torrent of French words fell on my uncomprehending ears, I thought I picked out the word “American,” then some bad words, and thank God, I picked out the French word for “bathroom.” Then I understood and backed into a vacant seat, allowing him to pass.

With a snort of derision, he walked away and I finally saw Sara again. When she saw me start toward her, she knew it was showtime. I slid into the space behind the man, ignoring what the people sitting there might think. My muscles were tight, ready to tear from their tendons or spring forward. As the bomber looked up at my wife, Sara hit him with her most dazzling smile — the one she used to get my attention for the first time so many years ago.

“I love your coat!” she exclaimed, “You must tell me what brand it is and where I can get one.” I stared down at the back of the man's head, his dark hair wet with sweat. Sara grabbed the man's coat sleeve, feigning to look at the fabric. As the man rose from his seat to protest, he was halfway under Sara's control, and I grabbed his right arm to lift him out of his seat.

He cried out in surprise and anger, as I tightened my grip and tried to thread him between the seats toward the floor. Slender and sinewy, Sara had already applied an armbar to the man's left arm as soon as his back hit the floor. And I did my best to pin his right arm. During the scuffle, his coat opened up.

It wasn't long before an Irish woman saw the wires and screamed, “Bomb! He has a bomb!”

Then all hell broke loose. The roar of screams and exclamations was almost deafening in the tight quarters. One man started to kick the bomber in the head, but lost his balance and nearly fell on my wife. But most people just scrambled away from us. That's when I noticed the bomber's feet. He was kicking his left foot at the heel of his right shoe, as if trying to remove the shoe. My wife and I were locked onto his arms and torso, but neither of us could reach his feet without letting go.

As his shoe finally came off, I saw a red wire attached to the shoe and running up the man's pant leg. “The trigger is his shoe!” I yelled. There was only one person left in our vicinity, the hefty blonde woman who had bumped into the bomber earlier. She had been sitting there in her seat, right next to the empty seat of the bomber. Her mouth had been agape in surprise, until I called her attention to the shoe and the wire. She frowned and slid down from her seat, not gracefully, until her knees and calves covered the man's ankles and feet. He cried out in pain, and she looked directly at me.

In a thick British accent, she said, “Don't worry, love, I've got this. I'm from Manchester, and where I'm from, we get things handled.”

My muscles began to tire as I held the man like a tourniquet, but in a few moments, several train attendants and a uniformed police officer came to our aid. As they handcuffed the man to seat legs, keeping him in a spread-eagle position, I grabbed my wife and held her as tight as my waning strength would allow. I could tell she was spent too, and it was then that I finally noticed that the train had stopped moving.

As she and I moved away from the bomber and the growing pool of authorities and train personnel, a strange pulse rocked the train, as if some giant hammer had just struck it from above. Sara looked at me and tears began to pour from her eyes. “He wasn't the only one,” she said.
And then the lights went out.

Conclusion

In every edition of What If?, we encourage our readers to ask themselves some key questions. Did the characters do the right thing? Could this situation happen in real life? And if this happened to you, what would you have done differently?

In this tale, my character saw something and didn't say anything to the authorities. This is a piece of fiction portraying a very specific scenario. It shouldn't necessarily stand as an example of your behavior in a similar or different situation.

In this day and age, everyone should say something if they see something amiss. It's our duty to our fellow humans — to be the extended eyes and ears of the law enforcement professionals who strive to keep us all safe, every single day. And unless we have the training, resources, and backup that law enforcement would have, we typically should leave the confrontation to the professionals. That said, every life-or-death situation is unique. It's up to you to practice your situational awareness every time you're out in a public place, and to trust your instincts. You never know when these two assets will save lives. And we'll say it again — if you see something, say something!

Meet Our Panel

Tim MacWelch

Tim MacWelch has been a survival instructor for more than 20 years, training people from all walks of life, including members from all branches of the U.S. Armed Forces, the State Department, DOD, and DOJ personnel. He’s a frequent public speaker for preparedness groups and events. He’s also the author of three New York Times-bestselling survival books, and the new Ultimate Bushcraft Survival Manual. When he’s not teaching survival or writing about it, MacWelch lives a self-reliant lifestyle with his family in Virginia. Check out his wide range of hands-on training courses that are open to the public at www.advancedsurvivaltraining.com.

Erik Lund

Erik Lund has more than 20 years of law enforcement experience - with much of that time spent as an instructor of frearms, defensive tactics, and use of force. He served as a Virginia State Trooper before accepting a position as a federal agent. Lund is also a senior instructor at Mike Seeklander’s Shooting-Performance LLC, a tactical training company. As a champion competitive shooter, he’s earned several regional, state, and national three-gun titles and is ranked as a grandmaster by the United States Practical Shooting Association.

Hakim Isler

Hakim Isler (aka The Black MacGyver) is a man of many skills — a combat veteran, trained survivalist, fourth-degree black belt in To-Shin Do Ninjutsu, Kali and Silat martial arts instructor, certified close protection specialist, and professional self-defense and combat weapons instructor. He’s a published author, trainer, speaker, TV personality and inventor of survival weapons and products holding several patents. Hakim is the founder/co-founder of The SOIL Foundation, which is dedicated to assisting veterans and at-risk youth by providing wilderness therapy for our nation’s heroes and children. He’s most often recognized for his television appearances on Discovery Channel’s Naked & Afraid and FOX’s Kicking & Screaming. Isler is the owner of Elevo Dynamics, a 24-hour family gym and martial arts center located in downtown Fayetteville, North Carolina. www.hakim-isler.com


Dirty Bombs

We have begun seeing more terrorist attacks perpetrated across the world, many of which take the form of explosives. From 2013’s Boston Marathon tragedy to this past summer’s assault on Istanbul Atatürk Airport in Turkey, a lingering fear many have about these incidents is that they could eventually take the form of a dirty bomb.

Just the name alone makes most people think that such an attack would turn a city into Chernobyl. Is there any validity to that sort of fear or are these devices more “weapons of mass disruption?” We went to the experts to separate security fact from science fiction.

Engineering

First, it’s important to understand the mechanics of such a device and how it differs from military-grade nuclear weapons, such as an atom bomb or intercontinental ballistic missile. These require a nuclear reaction to detonate. Just having radioactive material encased in a bomb doesn’t mean the epicenter and surrounding area will be leveled by a mushroom-cloud-type explosion.

The “good news” (if you could call it that) is that a dirty bomb requires very sophisticated materials, an activation sequence, and knowledge of nuclear physics that aren’t within the realm of most terrorist groups’ capabilities. The bomb would need to be large and could not fit in something the size of a briefcase.

Plus, the fragile nature of the device and amount of radiation it would emit makes discreet transportation even more complicated and potentially lethal for its couriers.

How Are They Built?

You might be wondering if we’re about to get into Anarchist Cookbook territory, but this information is more about the what than the how.

Low-grade radioactive materials — such as cobalt used in the medical industry — could potentially be used to construct a dirty bomb. One would have to accumulate a lot of these materials for their effects to be detrimental, so most injuries and fatalities would be caused by the explosion itself and not the radioactive debris released.

“There’s not much physics associated with a dirty bomb. It’s just a radioactive source of some kind that is dispersed with conventional explosives,” says Joel Cehn, a certified health physicist with the Health Physics Society. “The source might be radioactive iridium that is used in industrial radiography; it might be radioactive cesium that is used to sterilize items (and other uses). They are generally encapsulated in stainless steel to keep them from spilling. But they can be dispersed if blown up.”

After Effects

Because these materials would not cause a nuclear reaction when detonated, the affected area is much more contained. The contamination radius would depend on the amount of radioactive material and explosives used, as well as strength and direction of prevailing winds, but would likely not go beyond several city blocks. The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) both assert that the likelihood of contamination that requires immediate medical treatment would be localized to those close to the blast.

This also has a few caveats, however. Radioactive particles released could not only attach themselves to nearby structures and people, but possibly be carried away by wind and contaminate nearby open water bodies, food, or potentially be inhaled. It all depends on the size of the device.

Those concerned about possible radiation poisoning would need to be cognizant of related symptoms.
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How Should You React?

If you were in the immediate vicinity of the blast but uninjured and the site is later determined to be radioactive, seek medical evaluation. Though, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), the CDC, and the HHS all say that becoming sick from radiation is unlikely.

Others concerned about blast implications essentially have two choices: find shelter or leave the area. How will you know which is the better option? Listen to emergency broadcast reports and pay attention to where you are in relation to the blast. Is the wind blowing contaminants toward or away from you? It may take several days for authorities to understand the full implication of the blast and what kind of radiation was emitted.

Hunker Down: If you’re near a dirty bomb detonation, the CDC recommends you get inside, stay inside, and stay tuned for at least 24 hours. Turn off any outside ventilation. Close any windows, doors, and fireplace flues to limit exposure to dust or smoke plumes. Listen to reliable news sources as further developments are released.

Clothing can be removed by starting at the top of your head and rolling the clothing off you down to your feet. Roll them in a way you don’t re-expose yourself and store them in a sealed plastic garbage bag or container away from everyone. They may need to be examined later to determine exposure levels. Wash yourself in a cold shower to keep your pores from opening up. Gently shaving off any hair will also reduce any risk of particles remaining adhered to your skin.

Bug Out: If you’re not in the direction of prevailing winds but are worried about secondary explosions and want to minimize your exposure, the better course of action would be to get out of the area as quickly as possible.

“Time, distance, and shielding is key with respect to radiation exposure,” says Ron Johansen, a hazmat specialist for the Alameda County Fire Department and fire science technology instructor at Las Positas College. “Get upwind, uphill, and upstream. Radiation sickness is not contagious. You can carry particles, but not spread the health effects.”

Contamination

When talking about radiation contamination, the dose is the amount absorbed by the body at any one time.

“Think of radiation as a light bulb. When you have one that’s energized, it shines all the light off the blub,” says Shawn Smith, a non-destructive inspector and inventor for Boeing. “The particle itself doesn’t do anything, but you have all that light (radiation) that comes off the particle.” Getting away from the proverbial light source will help reduce the dose and dose rate, since some forms of radiation, such as gamma rays, can penetrate walls if levels are high enough.

There is a difference between radiation exposure and contamination. You can be exposed to radiation by getting an X-ray at the doctor, but that doesn’t mean you’ll suffer from contamination, as it’s a very low dose under controlled conditions. Certain types of radiation can penetrate the body, but contamination only occurs if particles become attached to someone’s clothing or hair, are ingested, or penetrate an open wound.

Conclusion

The history on dirty bombs has yet to be written since there are no known instances of their use. However, numerous reports have emerged in recent years of radioactive materials being stolen, some with success, while others were either intercepted by authorities or had fatal consequences to their smugglers.

We can certainly expect terrorists to actively continue searching for any weapons that further their cause, demoralize the public, and interrupt economic stability.

“It’s generally believed that a dirty bomb will cause mostly panic, and few, if any, serious radiation exposures,” Cehn says. “The radioactivity would be diluted in the explosion.”

It’s sage wisdom to prepare for nuclear-related incidents, both accidental and deliberate. Dirty bombs — despite related fear mongering — should not be a cause for a national emergency though. That’s exactly the domino effect of confusion that perpetrators are looking to achieve. Remain conscientious, prepared, and vigilant, but arm yourself with the knowledge that will prevent you from falling victim to an attack that is more psychological than anything else.

Further Reading:

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Medication

After the plant meltdown in Fukushima, Japan, the use of chemicals such as potassium iodide (KI) began getting media buzz. KI, Neupogen, Prussian blue, Diethylenetriamine pentaacetate, and other countermeasures may be administered after a nuclear incident where contamination is a concern. You should only take these chemicals at the advice of a medical professional or emergency management personnel, as there are side effects associated with all of them. It’s always recommended to stay in good health, remain hydrated, and practice good nutrition. These things all play a factor on how radiation affects you. Learn more at http://emergency.cdc.gov/radiation/countermeasures.asp

Supplies

People wonder if they should stock up on gas masks and Geiger counters in preparation for a radiological event. Geiger counters typically take a working knowledge of radiation measurements to know how to use them and aren’t practical for the average person. Items such as gas masks may provide some level of protection as well, but are not foolproof.
Radiation dosimeters or radiation-detecting watches act as monitors for radiation levels, are relatively inexpensive depending on their capabilities, and geared toward those who have a limited understanding of radiation. “RADstickers” are another form of cheap radiation measurements. The CDC also recommends an emergency radio that has National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration weather radio capabilities.

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Editor's Note: This article has been modified from its original print version for the web.